Abstract: Method and apparatus for preventing inadmissible deviations from the runtime protocol of an application in a data exchange system. The data exchange system has, for example, a terminal T and a chip card K. For various applications (for example, automatic teller unit, computer access), basic functions B stored in the chip card K are processed in a sequence respectively defined in a protocol. Since the basic functions B are called in proceeding from the terminal T, the data integrity could be deteriorated by intentional modifications of the protocol sequence at the terminal T. By storing the allowable protocols in a control list STL and establishing a status memory area ZS on the chip card K, it becomes possible to monitor the protocol execution on the chip card K independently of the terminal T. The respective status Z of an application is fixed in the status memory area ZS. All basic function designations Bn permitted for a status Z are deposited in the control list STL.

Abstract: A microprocessor system has a bus system for coupling several processing units, each having an appertaining private cache memory and a common main memory. When an address operation of a transaction is executed, a transaction identification number is generated and transmitted on the system bus to all other subscribers together with the fed address of the initiating subscriber. In each subscriber, memory means are provided for storing the transmitted address and the co-delivered transaction identification number. Simultaneously with the assignment of the system bus for further transmissions, the address stored in the memory means are monitored in test means of the subscribers, and after monitoring, a synchronization signal and possibly accompanying signals are set by all subscribers for the abortion or continuation of a transaction.

Abstract: In a process for evaluating binary data stored on the magnetic track of a magnetic storage card (10) in the form of flux changes in accordance with the two-frequency code, a relative movement (v) is produced between the magnetic storage card (10) and an electromagnetic transformer (30) which emits voltage pulses induced by the changes in magnetic flux. The time intervals between the voltage pulses are evaluated in order to obtain the data. To this end, standardization is carried out with uniform preliminary data at the beginning of a scanning operation. The output signal (U) of the electromagnetic transformer (30) is converted to digital values at predetermined times. The digital values are stored in the sequence in which they are stored and evaluated in order to obtain the data.

Abstract: Reflow-soldering of electronic components with differing heat capacities onto electronic circuit boards is accomplished by conveying the printed circuit board assemblies through a preheating chamber and a soldering chamber by means of conveyors operating at independently controlled speeds. To ensure that solder for components of large heat capacity is properly melted and smaller heat capacity components are not overheated, the circuit board assembly and components are advanced through the heating chamber at a rate of speed sufficient to allow the larger heat capacity components to just attain a preheat temperature. The assembly is subsequently conveyed through the soldering chamber at a rate of speed sufficient to just finish melting the solder for the larger heat capacity components as the assembly reaches the end of the soldering chamber. The ambient temperature within the soldering chamber is maintained at approximately 170.degree. C.

Abstract: A method for converting an analog voltage (U) into a digital value, includes the voltage (U) being compared with a plurality of mutually different reference voltages (Ur1 to Urn). Depending on the respective comparison, a binary value is produced, which is stored each in one bistable memory element (F1 to Fn) controlled by an enabling signal (22). Thereafter, the stored binary values are converted into the digital value and the latter is emitted. The enabling signal (22) sets all the memory elements (F1 to Fn) to an initial state at the start of the conversion. It is possible to convert a peak value of an analog voltage (U) into a digital value rapidly and precisely, and the voltage (U) may also have an aperiodic profile.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method and apparatus for bending and cutting outboard terminals, or leads, of surface mountable integrated modules applied to a carrier frame wherein slots are cut in the carrier frame so that retaining webs remain between the slots and the circuit modules. Each of the retaining webs interconnects the outboard terminals along one side of the circuit module to stabilize the terminals during a subsequent bending of the leads. A combination cutting and bending die is moved downward to cut the retaining webs free from one another and to bend the leads into their desired shape. The retaining webs and any excess length of the outboard terminals is then trimmed off, all while the circuit module is held in a hold-down part so that no stresses are transferred to the chip module during bending.

Abstract: In a holding device for plug-in cards of an electrical device having a card rack forming a frame-like plug-in connection panel or operating panel, the plug-in cards are mounted in parallel with one another on this card rack by means of the front plates provided at one of their edges. Each front plate carries at least one plug-in connector and/or one operating or display element which is arranged in the area of an aperture in the card rack closed by the respective front plate. At least one aperture (16) is larger than the remaining apertures (12, 14). The front plate (50) provided for this aperture (16) carries at least one plug-in connector (54) and/or one operating or display element in a section of its aperture (16) which is enlarged compared with the other apertures.

Abstract: A dispensing unit for paper currency includes a box-shaped currency container (14) with a circuit that stores an identification code and with a frame-like receptacle module (12) into which the currency container (14) can be inserted, and a contact arrangement (146) of the currency container (14) can be connected by a mating contact arrangement (148) mounted on the receptacle module (12) to a polling and control circuit that controls the opening or locking of the currency container (14). In order to permit polling of the circuit in the currency container (14) during the insertion movement, the mating contact arrangement (148) is adjustable in the direction of insertion (A) of the currency container (14).

Abstract: For securing programs contained in a system storage and for checking their integrity, the programs are in each case coded by a symmetric cryptographic algorithm with the application of a readback secured, secret key, and a check number for each program is simultaneously formed and stored in the storage of the system. For checking the integrity, the programs are then coded again in the same manner and the check number thus obtained in each case is compared with the check number stored at the first coding. It is possible to derive from the result of comparison a criteria for activation or locking the following programs.

Abstract: A process of controlling the course of a program in form processing by data processing systems for data contents of a form (80, 81, 82) built of fields to be processed. The pictorial illustration (display of the form (80, 81, 82), the reading and fading in of the data relevant for this form, the manipulation of these data by the user and the processing of these data arranged by the user by a firmly assigned form processing program to the form after selection of a form specification. The form processing program is composed here, under predetermination of the actual form specification, according to the available fields, gradually of individual programs which are typical for the field.

Abstract: A process for controlling the operation of a printing head detects defects in the transport of the printing head along a printed line and if necessary corrects them. A control unit (24) controls a current source (16) which supplies current to a transport motor (12) which moves the printing head (10). The printing elements (14) of the printing head (10) are supplied with pulsed drive current (ID) by a driver component (18). A position indicator (20) records the distance travelled by the printing head (10) along a printed line. According to the invention, the transport time between two printing positions is monitored to detect whether a limit value (G) is exceeded. If the limit value (G) is exceeded, the drive of the printing head (10) is stopped and if necessary the printing head is moved in the opposite direction and/or at least one printing element (14, 15) is operated with less energy that that required for printing.

Abstract: A contact arrangement for establishing electrical contact between the plug prongs (4) of an electrical component (1) and contact bores in another electrical component (5). To permit the force-free insertion of the plug prongs (4) into the associated contact bores (6) the free width of the contact bore (6) is greater than the external dimensions of the associated plug prongs (4). To establish contact, the two components (1) and (5) are displaced relative to one another essentially perpendicularly to the direction of the plug prongs (4) and are held in the displaced position. The plug prongs (4) are deflected laterally and clamped between the upper and lower inner edges of the contact bores (6).

Abstract: The invention is directed to an etched wiring (spider) for integrated circuits having a metallic frame for electrodeposition and shorting purposes proceeding all around at the periphery and connecting the wiring at several points. When separating a plurality of circuits lying side-by-side after the electrodeposition, an entire strip of the carrier material previously had to be discarded in order to enable the short-free separation of the etched wirings. In order to avoid this waste, the invention provides that the leads to the junctions of the frame with the wiring of neighboring circuits be fashioned meander-like.

Abstract: A testing apparatus for components which are tested using an electric or an ion beam in a vacuum chamber overcomes seal problems by providing electrical connection to the component to be tested through a multilayer printed circuit board. The multilayer printed circuit board may be connected to a needle adapter within the vacuum chamber for providing the electrical connection to the component.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for soldering surface-mountable components to a printed circuit board includes a soldering head have a suction pipette located in the center of a thermode with a rectangularly arranged set of soldering stirrups. The thermode and suction pipette are individually vertically moveable relative to one another for precise positioning of a surface-mountable component at a predetermined position on a printed circuit board. Soldering at a predetermined solder location with positional correctness is accomplished in a single work cycle.

Abstract: A cooling means is provided for components situated in a vacuum chamber for function testing with focused electron or ion beams. In traditional arrangements, cooling is accomplished with a liquid-cooled metal block that is mounted in the vacuum chamber between the component and an opto-electronic column that generates the electron beam. Coolant is conducted toward the outside of the vacuum chamber via hoses. What is disadvantageous with this solution is the necessity of introducing flow-traversed tubes into the vacuum chamber. Moreover, this solution cannot be realized for components in TAB mounting. In order to avoid these disadvantages, a heat sink is introduced into the vacuum chamber via a sealed opening situated at an upper side of the vacuum chamber. This heat sink is directly contacted to a back side of the component.

Abstract: A merchandise scanner for retail stores includes a horizontal conveyor for transporting merchandise, a scanning window facing an area above the conveyor and an operator console with control elements positioned along side the conveyor and at right angles to the direction of merchandise transport, wherein the conveyor is vertically movable. The scanning window of a scanning device is also vertically movable, either together with or independently of the conveyor so that it can be adjusted in accordance with the size and weight of the merchandise as well as the position of bar codes on the merchandise.

Abstract: A stacking device for the pre-folded continuous paper (13) of a high-speed printing device (10) is of swivel-out design. It can be swivelled out of a basic position (A) initially into a removal position (B) by means of a guide system without changing the output height of the paper deposit surface. By further swivelling it can be placed in an additional removal position (C), the height of which is adjustable.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for drilling multilayer printed circuit boards, and is also directed to a printed circuit board drill for the implementation of this method. When, based on a known measuring procedure, an offset of the interior layers of the printed circuit boards relative to the rated position is identified, the drill spindles must be appropriately adjusted before drilling in order to avoid rejects. This, however, has the disadvantage that respectively only one printed circuit board can be drilled at one time. Contrasting therewith, the invention provides that the seating plate for the printed circuit board of the drill can be designed variable with respect to the drill spindle, so that a plurality of seating plates can now be adjusted independently of one another. As a consequence, the employment of multi-spindle drills becomes possible.

Abstract: A mounting system for electrical function units, particularly for a data technology system is composed of an alternating sequence of cooling plates provided with cooling channels for a coolant and with through-contactings and of printed circuit boards constructed in microwiring technology. These printed circuit boards have contact areas on both of their surfaces for contacting the terminal contact pads of integrated components that in turn have their side not provided with terminal contact pads pressing against the cooling plates. External operating and signal voltages are supplied to the function units. Such a structure enables a high packing density of the components. In the mounting system the packing density of such components is further increased by connecting the terminal contact pads of the integrated components to the contact areas of the printed circuit boards directly via contact mats.