Abstract: A new and improved etching solution and etching method provide wet chemical pyramidal texture etching of (100) silicon surfaces. A uniform and completely pyramidal texture etching of silicon surfaces is achieved with an etching solution including water, an alkaline reagent, and isopropanol together with an aqueous alkaline ethylene glycol solution.

Abstract: A solar cell is disclosed having electrical connections only on the rear side to reduce shading and improve efficiency of the cell. The solar cell includes a crystalline silicon substrate exhibiting crystallographic planes on the front and rear sides and a flat, doped emitter layer on at least the front side. The solar cell also includes a plurality of elongated slots aligned parallel to crystallographic planes and extending through the entire thickness of the silicon substrate of the solar cell. A high doping, corresponding to the conductivity type of the emitter is located in the slots. Two contact patterns are located on the rear side of the solar cell. The first is for electrical connection to the bulk material and the second is for electrical connection to the emitter and at least partly overlaps the slots. The slots are crystallographically etched anisotropically from the rear side and taper toward the front side of the cell. Also disclosed is a method for producing a solar cell.

Abstract: For the simple production of a back surface field it is proposed that a boron-containing diffusion source layer (2) be applied to the rear (RS) of a silicon wafer (1) and boron be driven into the wafer to a depth of about 1 to 5 .mu.m at 900 to 1200.degree. C. This is done in an oxygen-containing atmosphere so that an oxide layer (4) is formed on open silicon surfaces, obviating the need to mask the regions not to be doped. After the removal of the oxide and source layer, phosphorus diffusion takes place and the back contact (3) is produced. It contains aluminum and, during the burn-in process, provides good ohmic contact.

Abstract: For simply affixing flat bodies, including solar modules, onto a support, Z-shaped metal profiles may be glued on the bodies, thus acting at the same time to affix the bodies and as a protective device for the edges of the bodies during transport.

Abstract: Solar cells made of crystalline are metal coated. Combined front side and rear side metal coating based on a thick-film process is proposed, in which even very fine thick-film conductor track structures are sufficiently reinforced by photo-induced currentless deposition of a metal. Well adhering improved conductor track structures for the front side metal coating can be produced using the simplified process.

Abstract: A silicon semiconductor wafer is constructed from three mutually inclined monocrystalline regions (6, 7, 8) which form three circular sectors of the wafer whose interfaces and boundary lines consequently extend radially with respect to one another and form angles (W6, W7, W8) of less than 180.degree. with one another. In this arrangement, two of the interfaces are first-order twin grain boundaries between two <111> crystal planes in each case. The silicon semiconductor wafer is used to produce inexpensive high-performance solar cells.

Abstract: A solar cell has electrical conductors applied on a pattern of electric contacts on a front surface and extending transversely relative thereto with a portion projecting beyond the edge of the solar cell. The formation of the electrical pattern includes at least two elongated portions interconnected by a return portion which extends beyond the one edge. This return portion provides a stiffening suitable for reliable interconnection to an additional solar cell to achieve a connection of two conductors in the projecting region.

Abstract: A process for producing front and rear contacts on a solar cell provides for producing a channel structure on the passivation layer of a silicon wafer, producing a rear contact by printing and firing a silver paste that has an aluminum dopant, treating the wafer with a palladium solution containing fluoride to produce a nucleation layer on the surface of the channel structure, and reinforcing the nucleation layer by depositing a further metal.

Abstract: In a method for electrically contacting thin-film solar modules interconnected in integrated fashion, a number of solar cells forming a module are created by structuring a layer on a substrate to produce strip-shaped, side-by-side solar cells, and electrically conductive contact strips are laid over the electrode layers of the two outermost, individual solar cells. The conductive strips are held in place by a lamination using hot-melt adhesive foil at elevated pressure and temperature, in the same step wherein a backing is laminated with the solar module. If necessary, the contact strips can be attached by an electrically conductive paste or utilizing an ultrasonic welding process.

Abstract: A solar module has a thin-film structure applied on an aluminum substrate, with the back electrode insulated from the electrically conductive aluminum substrate by an electrically insulating oxide layer. The aluminum substrate can be an aluminum facade element or can be joined to an aluminum facade element. For producing the insulating oxide layer, a known method for the manufacture of electrically conductive oxide electrodes composed of zinc oxide is utilized in a form modified to produce the solar module.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing high-efficiency solar cells from polycrystalline or monocrystalline semiconductor material is disclosed. Backside contacts are printed on with a metal-containing paste and front side contacts are deposited finely-structured photo-induced. To that end, a nickel layer is deposited photo-induced directly on the semiconductor that is uncovered in openings or trenches within a passivation layer on the front side. The front side contact is reinforced by a further metal layer that is likewise produced by currentless deposition.

Abstract: A thin-film solar module includes a transparent substrate, at least one active semiconductor layer (3) made of a I-III-VI2 semiconductor (chalcopyrite) having a diode structure, the semiconductor layer being patterned into strip-shaped individual solar cells, electrode patterns made of aluminum-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al) having a hexagonal crystal structure as front and rear contacts and for integrated interconnection of the solar module, and an epoxy coating layer as a rear covering.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved method for manufacturing highly efficient and especially thin polycrystalline silicon thin-film solar cells. More particularly, the present invention provides a silicon nucleation layer produced on amorphous substrates with a nucleation layer being selectively etched until uniformly <111> orientated nuclei remain. A silicon thin-film grown thereover is coarse-crystalline, has grain boundaries residing perpendicular to the substrate and has a pyramid structure as a consequence of the uniform orientation. High photocurrents can already be achieved with solar cells manufactured therefrom beginning with a layer thickness of 10 .mu.m.

Abstract: A clamp for fastening plate-form bodies, such as solar panels, onto a support plate comprises two U-shaped portions opening in opposite directions with a common shank portion of the two U-shaped portions. The body, such as the solar panel, has its edge received in one of the U-shaped portions, such as the upper U-shaped portion, while the opposite edge is received in a lower U-shaped portion of an adjacent row of clamps. Preferably, an elastic part having a U-shaped and profiled surfaces is placed between each of the U-shaped portions and edges of the bodies to prevent damage to the plate-shaped bodies.

Abstract: A simple connection for a solar cell module is composed of a soldered-on, stud-shaped terminal element that is fixed with a retainer element plugged thereover and glued to the back side of the solar module. The projection of the end of the terminal element comprises a connection for a cable.