Abstract: A process for treating BOD, nitrogen and phosphorus containing wastewater, wherein the process includes providing wastewater influent into an anaerobic zone having activated sludge and mixing the wastewater influent with the activated sludge in the anaerobic zone to form a mixed liquor. The process further includes providing the mixed liquor into an oxygen-deficit aeration zone and recycling denitrified mixed liquor from the oxygen-deficit aeration zone to the anaerobic zone for mixing therein with wastewater. In addition, the process includes transferring the mixed liquor from the oxygen-deficit aeration zone to an oxygen-surplus aeration zone and transferring a portion of the mixed liquor from the oxygen-surplus aeration zone to a membrane filter wherein a filtrate is separated from sludge. The process also includes recycling at least a portion of the sludge to the oxygen-deficit aeration zone as recycled activated sludge.

Abstract: The disclosed techniques involve electrical separation systems that allow recovery of species from feedstreams, typically aqueous solutions. The disclosed techniques can also provide electrical separation systems having reduced tendency to form scale especially when water is being purified to reduce the concentration of hardness-causing species.