Abstract: Various embodiments include a gas diffusion electrode comprising: a) Ag, Au, Cu, and/or Pd; and b) a compound of (a) with a solubility in water at 25° C. and standard pressure of less than 0.1 mol/L. The compound is: M1-xX, M2-yY, M2-yY?w or M3-zZ. w?2, 0?x?0.5, 0?y?1, and 0?z?1.5. X is: Cl, Br, Br3, I, I3, P3, As3, As5, As7, Sb3, Sb5, or Sb7. Y and Y? are: S, S, or Te. Z is: P, As, Sb, Bi, P3, As3, As5, As7, Sb3, Sb5, Sb7, molybdates, tungstates, selenates, arsenates, vanadates, chromates, manganates, niobates of the metal M and thio and/or seleno derivatives of these, or compounds of the formula MaXbYcZd where a?2, b?4, c?8, d?4. b and c are not both 0.

Abstract: A target is for generating X-ray radiation by way of loading with a particle stream containing charged particles. In an embodiment, the target includes a layer structure including at least two metallic layers. A target surface, loadable by the particle stream, is formed by a first layer of the at least two metallic layers of the layer structure including a material including a first metallic element. A second layer of the at least two metallic layers of the layer structure includes a material including a second metallic element. Finally, an ordinal number of the first metallic element is less than an ordinal number of the second metallic element.

Abstract: A production system includes a production machine and a control device for generating a control command for the production machine based on production data. The control device includes an analysis apparatus to decide based on a prespecified quality criterion, whether an activated functionality, which is integrated in the control device, or an alternative functionality, which is provided in a database outside the control device or in unactivated form in the control device, is used to translate the production data into the specific control command, so that the control command which is output by the control device is replaced by a control command more suitable to satisfy the prespecified quality criterion. The control device is configured to save a control file for the alternative functionality, to provide the control file for a translation, and to provide the alternative functionality for a prespecified period and/or for a predetermined number of useful cycles.

Abstract: A local coil for a magnetic resonance imaging system has a head part and a neck part. The head part is tiltable in a tilting movement. The neck part is movable relative to the head part for compensation of the tilting movement. The local coil is a head-neck local coil.

Abstract: A method and a device for fine adjustment of the reconstruction plane of a digital combination image from individual images of a digital radiology system. The device includes an interface for providing individual images of an object. The individual images have overlapping regions with one another. A distance controller, with which the distance A of the individual images can be changed. A processing unit calculates a current combination image from the individual images. The individual images are each shifted by the distance A in relation to one another. A display unit displays the current combination image from the individual images. There is also described an image evaluation system and/or digital radiology system which includes the device.

Abstract: A method is for scattered ray correction of projection measurement data recorded by a computer tomography system. In an embodiment, the method includes recording, localizing, identifying and correcting. In the recording, projection measurement data is recorded from a plurality of projection angles and the projection measurement data is captured in a sinogram. In the localizing, features in the projection measurement data of the sinogram are localized in a defined angle range about a projection angle. In the identifying, a scatter distribution for the projection angle is identified from the localized features by way of a trained identification algorithm. In the correcting, the projection measurement data of the projection angle is corrected on the basis of the scatter distribution.

Abstract: A rail vehicle includes an electric drive including a housing and power semiconductors arranged in the housing, and a braking system configured for operation with compressed air. The housing and the braking system are interconnected such as to enable supply of compressed air from the braking system to an interior of the housing. A depressurization device is arranged between the housing and the braking system such as to enable compressed air which is supplied to the housing to be depressurized prior to being supplied to the interior of the housing.

Abstract: A method and a network system for communicating confidential measured data between a plurality of decentralized, measured data-generating producers and a consumer in an automation network is provided. The following is carried out on the part of the producers: measuring or providing measured data from a plurality of sensors and classifying the measured data into security levels; checking a reliability of consumer-generated processing instructions depending on the respective classified security level; and in the case of a positive check, processing the measured data on the basis of the processing instructions, proven to be reliable, to generate an analysis result data set; and transmitting the analysis result data set to the consumer.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for performing window-leveling of volumetric ray tracing includes a computer system retrieving a quad-tree data structure organizing a plurality of light paths associated with a volume rendered using a transfer function and one or more window level values. The computer system also receives a user selection of at least one of a new transfer function or new window level values. The volume is rendered by the computer system with the new transfer function or the new window level values using the quad-tree data structure. Then, the computer system synthesizes an image by adding contributions from all of the plurality of light paths according to the quad-tree data structure.

Abstract: A method is described for the determination of a calcium score for a patient to be examined with the aid of a CT system. The method is used to define patient-specific CT-acquisition parameters. In addition, material parameters for a model method for the generation of synthetic image data for virtual CT-acquisition parameters are calibrated using phantom image data recorded with reference CT-acquisition parameters. A calcium score assigned to synthetic phantom image data corresponds to a calcium score determined with phantom image data recorded with reference CT-acquisition parameters. Next, CT-projection-measurement data is acquired for a region of interest using the patient-specific CT-acquisition parameters. The acquired CT-projection-measurement data is used to generate synthetic image data using the calibrated model method. Finally, a calcium score is determined using a standard method on the basis of the synthetic image data. Also described is a calcium-score-determining device.

Abstract: In a method for operating a magnetic resonance (MR) apparatus, at least one first distortion-corrected MR image is displayed at a display screen, with a first selection symbol superimposed thereon for selection of a scan volume from which diagnostic MR data are to be subsequently acquired. A second MR image is also displayed, that is at least partially distorted, and which represents at least a part of the region encompassed by the first distortion-corrected MR image. The second MR image is superimposed with a second selection symbol that indicates the same scan volume defined by the first selection symbol, but in the second magnetic resonance image. The second selection symbol is then used by an operator to select the actual scan volume from which the diagnostic MR data will be acquired, and a magnetic resonance apparatus is operated to acquire the MR data from that selected scan volume.

Abstract: Tape adhesives suitable for impregnating processes for insulation systems are described. Embodiments of the tape adhesives include solid insulation material such as mica, anhydride-free impregnating resins and accelerators for the anhydride-free impregnating resins. The tape adhesives may be adjusted with respect to the reactivity of the accelerators for the anhydride-free impregnating resins in relation for the storage stability of the overall insulation systems.

Abstract: A thermionic emission device includes an indirectly heatable main emitter with a main emission surface and a connectible heat emitter with a heat emission surface. The heat emission surface is disposed at a predefinable distance from the main emission surface. In the operating state, the main emitter is at a constant main potential and the heat emitter can be switched between at least two heating potentials which differ from one another and which differ from the main potential. Through the use of the thermionic emission device, the radiation load for a patient is reduced in the case of dose-modulated x-ray recordings.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for detecting proximity to and collisions with medical devices. A capacitive sensor element includes a compressible insulator layer that has a first conductor track arrangement on a first surface and a second conductor track arrangement on a second surface. The second surface lies opposite the first surface. The sensor apparatus further includes an evaluation device for repeated acquisition of a capacitance value of the sensor element. The evaluation device is configured to output a proximity signal when the respective capacitance value reaches or exceeds a predetermined first threshold value, and is configured to output a collision signal when the respective capacitance value reaches or exceeds a predetermined second threshold value. The second predetermined threshold value is higher than the first predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: A medical imaging unit includes a patient receiving area, a housing unit at least partly surrounding the patient receiving area, a detector unit, and a movement detection unit. The movement detection unit includes two or more detection elements configured for detecting a distance from the detection elements to the patient, and including an evaluation unit. The evaluation unit is configured to establish from detected movement of the individual detection elements a three-dimensional movement of the patient within the patient receiving area.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining a network topology of a hierarchical network, the apparatus including: a memory unit to store an outage state matrix representing an outage state of leaf nodes at the lowest hierarchical level of the hierarchical network; and a processing unit to decompose the stored state matrix into a first probability matrix indicating for each inner node of the hierarchical network the probability that the respective inner node forms the origin of an outage at the lowest hierarchical level of the hierarchical network and into a second probability matrix indicating for each leaf node at the lowest hierarchical level of the hierarchical network the probability that an inner node forms a hierarchical superordinate node of the respective leaf node at the lowest hierarchical level of the hierarchical network, wherein the decomposed second probability matrix is evaluated by the processing unit to determine the network topology.

Abstract: A control apparatus of an automation system, the control apparatus includes a database adapted to store time series data in a historian data source and adapted to store events derived from the time series data based on event detection rules in an event data source, wherein a semantic data or event query received by the control apparatus is mapped to a corresponding data source of the database to retrieve the queried data or event which are contextualized using an ontological context model of the automation system stored in the database and output by control apparatus in a semantic format is provided.

Abstract: A detector apparatus includes at least one x-ray detector, including a network-capable network unit; and a switching unit connected to the network unit of the x-ray detector.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a positioning device for positioning in a static magnetic field of a magnetic resonance tomography system and a magnetic resonance tomography system. The positioning device may be moved along a first axis in the magnetic field. Herein, the positioning device includes a plurality of magnetic-field-strength sensors arranged at a distance from one another in the direction of the first axis in predetermined positions on the positioning device.

Abstract: An arrangement and method for detaching an adhering charge from an inner wall of a grinding tube, wherein the grinding tube is rotated backwards in a drive-free manner from a pre-determinable, assumed rotary position by the weight force of the adhering charge, where at least one movement state variable of the grinding tube is detected and the grinding tube is braked while being rotated back in dependence on the at least one detected movement state variable in order to detach the adhering charge from the inner wall of the grinding tube, and where the arrangement includes a detecting device, a drive unit, a braking device and a control device.