Abstract: A method of decoding of syntactic elements of a data stream is disclosed where, before beginning of decoding of the data stream, cells of all context models are initialized with predefined values, so that each context model contains in each cell data on a probability and a counter of a context occurrence number. A number of cells stored in each context model is selected to be not less than a number of all possible states of context elements associated with a respective context model. The process of decoding of at least a portion of bits of the data stream includes, among other steps: selecting a group of context models; calculating values of at least two context elements; extracting data on the probability from the selected cell of the selected context module; updating data in the selected cell; and carrying out a procedure of probability inheritance.