Abstract: This invention relates to a method for the immunoassay of AZT (3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine), also known as zidovudine, in biological fluids such as serum, semen, plasma and urine, as well as other body fluids. The invention also includes (1) various novel analogs of AZT useful in preparing immunogens for antibodies to AZT and in preparing labeled AZT, (2) immunogens for antibodies to AZT, (3) monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to AZT, (4) labeled AZT analogs and (5) diagnostic test kits for the immunoassay.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for the immunoassay of ddI (2',3'-dideoxyinosine), also known as didanosine, in biological fluids such as serum, semen, plasma and urine, as well as other body fluids. The invention also includes (1) various novel analogs of ddI useful in preparing immunogens for antibodies to ddI and in preparing labeled ddI, (2) immunogens for antibodies to ddI, (3) antibodies to ddI, (4) labeled ddI analogs and (5) diagnostic test kits for the immunoassay.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for the immunoassay of AZT (3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine), also known as zidovudine, in biological fluids such as serum, semen, plasma and urine, as well as other body fluids. The invention also includes (1) various novel analogs of AZT useful in preparing immunogens for antibodies to AZT and in preparing labeled AZT, (2) immunogens for antibodies to AZT, (3) monoclonal and polylonal antibodies to AZT, (4) labeled AZT analogs and (5) diagnostic test kits for the immunoassay.

Abstract: Medium molecular weight alcohols (for example aliphatic alcohols, such as trihydroxypentane and trihydroxyhexane, and aromatic alcohols, such as benzylalcohol) have been found to provide unexpected stability to dye and stain solutions. In addition, the use of these alcohols does not involve the negatives found in other dye stabilizers, for example extreme flammability and toxicity. The novel alcohols have been found to provide benefit to many dye systems.

Abstract: A novel technique has been discovered for separating oxalate from urine and other biological fluids. The method involves mixing the fluid with an adsorbent to separate the oxalate from the fluids, washing the adsorbent-oxalate complex, and releasing the oxalate by reacting the complex with alkali. This technique provides accurate results and can easily be run in hospitals and clinical laboratories.

Abstract: A total cholesterol method includes the steps of (1) precipitation of serum proteins with a reagent containing ferric chloride in propionic acid, (2) color formation by heating aliquots of supernatant with propionic-sulfuric acid reagent, and (3) measurement of color intensities of test and standard reaction mixtures at 563 nm.

Abstract: An improved colorimetric aldolase method in which the quantity of aldolase in a sample is determined by the rate at which it enzymatically cleaves fructose-1, 6-diphosphate (FDP) into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAP) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP); the phosphate group is hydrolyzed from the GAP and DHAP; and one of the hydrolysis products is measured. The initial enzymatic reaction is carried out in a reaction mixture containing a concentrated tris-(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane buffer, pH 7.0, and a small quantity of sodium fluoride, but without added hydrazine or other compound to prevent the enzymatic conversion of a great majority of GAP to DHAP in the reaction mixture. Hydrolysis of the reaction products and conversion to a colored reaction product is carried out by a procedure which yields intense, long-lasting, reproducible color. An improved standard includes dihydroxyacetone carried through the same procedure.

Abstract: Alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes are separated electrophoretically in agarose gels, or cellulose acetate membranes, equilibrated in a solution containing a low ionic strength buffer and a non-ionic detergent, such as Triton X-100. The electrophoretically separated isoenzymes are developed colorimetrically using 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate with a transphosphorylating buffer. Zones of enzyme activity appear as sharply-defined brilliant blue bands. The method is capable of resolving liver, bone, placental, intestinal and bile isoenzymes.

Abstract: An improved azobilirubin determination procedure utilizes a stable, dry lyophilized reagent. Dissolving the dry reagent in dilute hydrochloric acid produces a diazo reagent solution which is stable for several days. Cysteine hydrochloride may be added to the assay mixture to destroy excess diazo reagent, stabilize the final color, and remove interfering metal ions.

Abstract: A stable reagent for use in a rapid and sensitive globulin estimation procedure consists of 60-70 volumes of glacial acetic acid, 1-20 volumes of monomethyl ether of ethylene glycol, 5-15 volumes of phosphoric acid, 5-15 volumes of sulfuric acid, 0.2-0.6 volumes of twenty percent glyoxylic acid in aqueous solution, and 0.4-1.2 volumes of ten pecent ferric chloride hexahydrate in aqueous solution. The reagent is far more stable, sensitive, and tolerant of water in the reaction mixture than previously known reagents used in the glyoxylic reaction.

Abstract: A preweighed vial of lyophilized methemoglobin (ferrihemoglobin) provides a simple, stable, reproducible standard for colorimetric determination of total hemoglobin concentration in whole blood by the cyanmethemoglobin method. Conversion of the standard and of hemoglobin in blood samples to cyanmethemoglobin is accomplished with Drabkin's solution reconstituted from a dry powder and having an added non-ionic surface active agent (Brij-35). Color intensity is measured at 540 m.mu..