Abstract: Two magnetic field sensors, ratiometric with respect to their common supply and featuring matched thermal coefficients, are inserted in the two airgaps of a magnetic circuit arranged so that said airgaps appear in series with respect to the magnetic flux generated by the current to be measured, while appearing in parallel with respect to the reference flux generated by a stable permanent magnet. The output signal of one of the sensors is thus proportional to the sum of said fluxes, the other to their difference. Adding and subtracting said signals produces two outputs, one proportional solely to the current to be measured, and the other solely to the reference flux. A feedback loop acts on the common supply of the two sensors in order to hold constant the output proportional to the reference flux, thus producing the effect that drifts with temperature of the magnetic sensitivities are intrinsically compensated for.

Abstract: An apparatus (1) for the SEUROP classification of the conformation of carcasses of slaughtered cattle, includes:—an acquisition unit (3) adapted to acquire at least one digital image (30) of an outer face of a side (45) of a carcass of a slaughtered bovine, the side (45) including a region of the rump and of the lower limb (46) and a remaining region (47) of the side 45;—a processing unit (6) configured to receive the acquired digital image (30) and to calculate from the digital image (30) at least one angular parameter AC, AC1, AC2, AC3, AC4, the above-mentioned angular parameter being calculated by using at least one landmark (P1-P4) located in the region of the rump and of the lower limb (46).

Abstract: Contactless measurement of angular or linear positions is obtained by means of magnetic circuit configurations, biased by a permanent magnet, characterized by two airgaps whose relative geometry is designed to result in magnetic field values whose ratio is a function of the position to be measured. The magnetic field in said airgaps is measured by magnetic field probes, whose output signals are then electronically conditioned to generate a voltage proportional to said ratio. The output signal being function of a ratio, it naturally becomes insensitive to drifts of the magnet working point, or drifts in sensitivity of the magnetic field probes. In one embodiment said ratio of magnetic field values becomes a function of the relative angular displacement of two coaxial shafts, while becoming completely independent from their absolute angular displacement, allowing hence the realization of simple and robust torque sensors.