Abstract: A 3-level converter includes: an inductor connected in series between a switching node and an output terminal from which an output voltage is output, an output capacitor connected between the output terminal and a ground terminal, a first switch connected between an input terminal to which an input voltage is input and a top plate node, a second switch connected between the top plate node and the switching node, a third switch connected between the switching node and a bottom plate node, a fourth switch connected between the bottom plate node and a ground terminal, a flying capacitor connected between the top plate node and the bottom plate node, balancing switches connected between the switching node and a balancing node, a top balancing capacitor connected between the input terminal and the balancing node, and a bottom balancing capacitor connected between the balancing node and a ground terminal.

Abstract: The switching converter equipped with negative current tracking control includes a switching transistor whose drain is connected to an input power supply, a rectifying transistor whose drain is connected to a source of the switching transistor and whose source is connected to a ground, an inductor having one end connected to the source of the switching transistor and the drain of the rectifying transistor, an output capacitor having a first end connected to the other end of the inductor and a second end connected to a ground, a PWM controller that outputs a PWM control signal to a gate of the switching transistor and a gate of the rectifying transistor, a zero current detector that detects zero crossing of an inductor current flowing through the inductor, and a negative current tracking controller that variably adjusts an offset of the zero current detector.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure includes an apparatus for estimating the state of charge of a battery, comprising: a first coulomb counter (STCC) for sampling a first charge variation (?Q) on the battery in a time comprising a number of predetermined periods, by adding up a battery current Im in each of the predetermined periods; a compensator for calculating a second charge variation (?Q_comp) by compensating for the first charge variation (?Q); a second coulomb counter (CCE) for calculating a first predicted charge amount (Qe) by adding up the second charge variation (?Q_comp); and a state of charge estimator for estimating the state of charge of the battery on the basis of the first predicted charge amount (Qe). The technique increases the accuracy of a state of charge estimation by compensating for characteristics according to battery temperature and aging.

Abstract: A switched-capacitor converter with power delivery regulation, includes: a switched-capacitor module having switches and capacitors, converting an input voltage into an output voltage according to a conversion ratio corresponding to a coupling structure of the capacitors generated through switching switches; a control voltage generator that generates a control voltage by comparing a preset reference value with a feedback signal selected from an input current flowing to the switched-capacitor module, an output current, and an output voltage of the switched-capacitor module; and a upper switch turn-on resistance regulator that creates a regulated voltage applied to a gate terminal of an upper switch by adjusting a drive voltage for driving the upper switch according to the control voltage, adjust ON-resistance of the upper switch by applying the regulated voltage to the gate terminal to control a gate-source voltage, and regulates power delivered by the switched-capacitor module through an adjustment of the ON-

Abstract: A switching converter equipped with an adaptive frequency control function includes a switching unit, an inductor, an output capacitor, a zero crossing detector that receives a signal of the switching node and a signal of the output terminal, that are fed back, and detects whether or not an inductor current flowing through the inductor crosses a zero point, a DCM/CCM detector that outputs an operation section discrimination signal that discriminates a current operation section by dividing the current operation section into a discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) operation section and a continuous conduction mode (CCM) operation section according to a zero crossing detection signal output by the zero crossing detector, a variable oscillator that changes and outputs a clock frequency signal according to the operation section discrimination signal output by the DCM/CCM detector, and a controller that controls switching of switches constituting the switching unit according to the clock frequency signal output by th

Abstract: A clock and data recovery device includes an equalizer that compensates for channel loss of input data, a phase detector that compares data output from the equalizer and a fed back clock and outputs an up signal and a down signal, a charge pump that operates according to the up signal and the down signal to output a control signal, a loop filter that removes a high-frequency component included in the control signal output from the charge pump, a voltage-controlled oscillator that changes a frequency of the clock and outputs the clock according to the control signal from which the high-frequency component is removed, and a voltage-controlled oscillator buffer that adjusts a slew rate of the clock output by the voltage-controlled oscillator according to the up signal and the down signal directly received from the phase detector and transmits the clock to the phase detector.

Abstract: A phase locked loop includes a main voltage-controlled oscillator for which an oscillation frequency is adjusted by an offset current and a control voltage (Vctrl), the offset current being set by an offset current setting code (VCO_CON), a phase frequency detector configured to adjust the control voltage by comparing an output signal (mCLK) of the main voltage-controlled oscillator and an input data signal (Data), and an offset current setter configured to generate the offset current setting code for setting the offset current of the main voltage-controlled oscillator. The offset current setter includes n sample voltage-controlled oscillators configured to generate n signals with different frequencies, respectively, and n counters configured to compare frequencies of each of the signals (sCLK) output from the n sample voltage-controlled oscillators and the input data signal, and is configured to generate the offset current setting code based on a comparison result of the n counters.

Abstract: A moisture detection circuit for serial bus connectors includes: a current digital-to-analog converter that receives a first digital signal indicating a current reference value and outputs an analog current with a magnitude corresponding to that of the first digital signal to a terminal of the serial bus connector; a voltage digital-to-analog converter that receives a second digital signal indicating a voltage reference value and outputs an analog voltage with a magnitude corresponding to that of the second digital signal; a comparator that compares a voltage of the terminal with a voltage output by the voltage digital-to-analog converter; and a controller that provides a first digital signal indicating the current reference value to the current digital-to-analog converter and provides a second digital signal indicating the voltage reference value to the voltage digital-to-analog converter to determine presence or absence of moisture adhering to the terminal based on comparison results of the comparator.

Abstract: A clock and data recovery device includes an equalizer that compensates for channel loss of input data, a phase detector that compares a data output from the equalizer with a clock fed back and outputs an up signal and a down signal, a charge pump that operates according to the up signal and the down signal and outputs a control signal, a loop filter that removes high-frequency components included in the control signal, a voltage controlled oscillator that changes a frequency of the clock and outputs a clock with changed frequency, and a data phase adjuster that synchronizes the clock output from the voltage controlled oscillator and the data output from the equalizer by adjusting a phase of the data output from the equalizer by receiving the up signal and the down signal output from the phase detector.

Abstract: A heating apparatus for an aerosol-forming article includes: a housing that accommodates at least a portion of the aerosol-forming article; a power circuit that delivers power to a heat-generating body for heating the aerosol-forming article; a controller that controls the power circuit to adjust the heating temperature of the aerosol-forming article; a temperature sensor that detects the temperature of the housing and outputs an analog signal corresponding to the detected temperature; and an oscillator that outputs the signal of the frequency corresponding to the magnitude of the analog signal output by the temperature sensor; wherein the controller detects a user's puff or adjusts the heating temperature of the aerosol-forming article based on the frequency of the signal output by the oscillator.

Abstract: A 3-level buck-boost converter includes: an inductor connected in series between a switching node and a ground terminal; an output capacitor connected between an output terminal from which an output voltage is output and a ground terminal; a first switch connected between an input terminal to which an input voltage is input and a top plate node; a second switch connected between the top plate node and the switching node; a third switch connected between the switching node and a bottom plate node; a fourth switch connected between the bottom plate node and the output terminal; a flying capacitor connected between the top plate node and the bottom plate node; balancing switches connected between the switching node and the balancing node; a top balancing capacitor connected between the input terminal and the balancing node; and a bottom balancing capacitor connected between the balancing node and the output terminal.

Abstract: A phase locked loop includes a main voltage-controlled oscillator for which an oscillation frequency is adjusted by an offset current and a control voltage (Vctrl), the offset current being set by an offset current setting code (VCO_CON), a phase frequency detector configured to adjust the control voltage by comparing an output signal (mCLK) of the main voltage-controlled oscillator and an input data signal (Data), and an offset current setter configured to generate the offset current setting code for setting the offset current of the main voltage-controlled oscillator. The offset current setter includes n sample voltage-controlled oscillators configured to generate n signals with different frequencies, respectively, and n counters configured to compare frequencies of each of the signals (sCLK) output from the n sample voltage-controlled oscillators and the input data signal, and is configured to generate the offset current setting code based on a comparison result of the n counters.

Abstract: The switching converter equipped with negative current tracking control includes a switching transistor whose drain is connected to an input power supply, a rectifying transistor whose drain is connected to a source of the switching transistor and whose source is connected to a ground, an inductor having one end connected to the source of the switching transistor and the drain of the rectifying transistor, an output capacitor having a first end connected to the other end of the inductor and a second end connected to a ground, a PWM controller that outputs a PWM control signal to a gate of the switching transistor and a gate of the rectifying transistor, a zero current detector that detects zero crossing of an inductor current flowing through the inductor, and a negative current tracking controller that variably adjusts an offset of the zero current detector.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a wafer level chip scale package with a rhombus shape which includes a semiconductor chip with a rhombus shape and a solder ball array including a plurality of solder balls formed on one surface of the semiconductor chip. Among four interior angles of the semiconductor chip, two of the four interior angles facing each other in a short diagonal direction are approximately 120°, and two of the four interior angles facing each other in a long diagonal direction are approximately 60°.

Abstract: A switching converter equipped with an adaptive frequency control function includes a switching unit, an inductor, an output capacitor, a zero crossing detector that receives a signal of the switching node and a signal of the output terminal, that are fed back, and detects whether or not an inductor current flowing through the inductor crosses a zero point, a DCM/CCM detector that outputs an operation section discrimination signal that discriminates a current operation section by dividing the current operation section into a discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) operation section and a continuous conduction mode (CCM) operation section according to a zero crossing detection signal output by the zero crossing detector, a variable oscillator that changes and outputs a clock frequency signal according to the operation section discrimination signal output by the DCM/CCM detector, and a controller that controls switching of switches constituting the switching unit according to the clock frequency signal output by th

Abstract: An electromagnetic induction heating apparatus for heating an aerosol-forming article of an electronic cigarette includes: a power supply unit configured to supply DC power; a power amplifier including a switch unit comprising a pair of transistor switches having a differential structure and receiving DC power from the power supply unit, and a parallel-structured LC resonant network including a resonant inductor connected to an output terminal of the switch unit and electromagnetically inductively coupled with an inductor component of a heat-generating body for heating the aerosol-forming article of the electronic cigarette, and a resonant capacitor connected in parallel to the resonant inductor; and a driving unit configured to adjust a temperature of the heat-generating body by adjusting an operating frequency of the switch unit of the power amplifier to control an amount of current of the resonant inductor electromagnetically inductively coupled with the inductor component of the heat-generating body.

Abstract: A clock and data recovery device includes an equalizer that compensates for channel loss of input data, a phase detector that compares data output from the equalizer and a fed back clock and outputs an up signal and a down signal, a charge pump that operates according to the up signal and the down signal to output a control signal, a loop filter that removes a high-frequency component included in the control signal output from the charge pump, a voltage-controlled oscillator that changes a frequency of the clock and outputs the clock according to the control signal from which the high-frequency component is removed, and a voltage-controlled oscillator buffer that adjusts a slew rate of the clock output by the voltage-controlled oscillator according to the up signal and the down signal directly received from the phase detector and transmits the clock to the phase detector.

Abstract: An electromagnetic induction heating apparatus for heating an aerosol-forming article of an electronic cigarette includes: a power supply unit configured to supply DC power; a power amplifier including a switch unit comprising a pair of transistor switches having a differential structure and receiving DC power from the power supply unit, and a parallel-structured LC resonant network including a resonant inductor connected to an output terminal of the switch unit and electromagnetically inductively coupled with an inductor component of a heat-generating body for heating the aerosol-forming article of the electronic cigarette, and a resonant capacitor connected in parallel to the resonant inductor; and a driving unit configured to adjust a temperature of the heat-generating body by adjusting an operating frequency of the switch unit of the power amplifier to control an amount of current of the resonant inductor electromagnetically inductively coupled with the inductor component of the heat-generating body.

Abstract: A clock and data recovery device includes an equalizer that compensates for channel loss of input data, a phase detector that compares a data output from the equalizer with a clock fed back and outputs an up signal and a down signal, a charge pump that operates according to the up signal and the down signal and outputs a control signal, a loop filter that removes high-frequency components included in the control signal, a voltage controlled oscillator that changes a frequency of the clock and outputs a clock with changed frequency, and a data phase adjuster that synchronizes the clock output from the voltage controlled oscillator and the data output from the equalizer by adjusting a phase of the data output from the equalizer by receiving the up signal and the down signal output from the phase detector.

Abstract: A buck-boost converter includes a first switch connected between an input terminal that receives an input voltage and a first terminal of an inductor, a second switch connected between the first terminal of the inductor and an output terminal that outputs an output voltage, a third switch connected between a second terminal of the inductor and a ground terminal, and a fourth switch connected between the second terminal of the inductor and an inverting input terminal that receives an inverted input voltage obtained by inverting the input voltage.