Abstract: A lithium ion electrochemical cell is described in which an electrode comprises a lithiation agent. The lithiation agent, which comprises a lithium constituent, is designed to provide an excess source of lithium to minimize capacity loss of the lithium ion electrochemical cell. The anode of the lithium ion cell comprises a material matrix comprising carbon, graphene and an active element such as silicon or tin.

Abstract: An anode or negative electrode having a material matrix of carbon, graphene and an active element such as silicon or tin is described. The electrode is fabricated from an electrode slurry that does not utilize an organic binder. The electrode slurry comprises a combination of silicon and graphene oxide suspensions that is applied to a surface of a substrate such as a current collector. The layer of electrode slurry is heat treated to ensure adhesion of the layer of active electrode material to the surface of the current collector. The electrode may be incorporated within a lithium ion electrochemical cell.