Abstract: A method of forming electrophotographic toner. An organic solution containing a polymer resin and a solvent and an aqueous solution containing an anti-coagulant are provided. The aqueous solution is added into the organic solution to form colloidal polymer particles. The colloidal polymer particles are then aggregated, coalesced, and solidified to form toner particles.

Abstract: An improved photoreceptor is disclosed which contains a multi-layered charge generation layer formed on a substrate and a charge transport layer formed on the multi-layered charge generation layer. The multi-layered charge generation member is formed by sequentially forming a plurality of charge generation sub-layers first on the substrate then on the charge generation sub-layer that was already formed, so as to create at least one interface between the charge generation layers. The charge generation materials in the plurality of charge generation layers must satisfy the following relationship:(IP).sub.CGL1 .gtoreq.(IP).sub.CGL2 .gtoreq.(IP).sub.CGL3 . . . .gtoreq.(IP).sub.CGLnwherein: (IP).sub.CGLi, i=1, 2, . . . , n, represents an ionization potential of the charge generation material in charge generation layer i; and (b) a lower value of i indicating closer proximity to the substrate, and a greater value i indicates further away from the substrate.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptors having a protective layer which contains a specially cross-linked phenolic resin. The cross-linked phenolic resin contains both methylene ether linkages and methylene linkages that are provided such that the oxygen element content of the cross-linked phenolic resin contains no greater than 23.5 wt %, or more preferably between about 21 wt % and 23.5 wt %, of oxygen atoms. In a preferred embodiment, the specially cross-linked phenolic resin is formed by (a) raising the cross-linking temperature from 80.degree..+-.10.degree. C. to about 130.degree. C., in a cascading manner involving at least one intermediate treatment temperature; then (b) lowering the cross-linking temperature from about 130.degree. C. to 80.degree..+-.10.degree. C. The protective layer improves the chemical stability and mechanical strength of the electrophotographic photoreceptor while retaining the desired photoelectric properties thereof.

Abstract: An ammonia-modified titanyl phthalocyanine for use in preparing charge generating layer of a photoreceptor is disclosed. The ammonia-modified titanyl phthalocyanine is obtained by a process comprising the following steps: (a) reacting titanium tetrachloride with halogen-containing naphthalene to obtain an unmodified titanyl phthalocyanine; (b) dispersing the unmodified titanyl phthalocyanine in an organic solvent; and (c) subjecting the unmodified titanyl phthalocyanine to an ammonia-induced complexation-mediated crystal transformation so as to obtain the ammonia-modified titanyl phthalocyanine. The ammonia-induced complexation-mediated crystal transformation step can be achieved by either bubbling ammonia gas through the titanyl phthalocyanine-containing organic solution or by adding an ammonia-saturated aqueous solution to the titanyl phthalocyanine-containing organic solution. The ammonia-modified titanyl phthalocyanine is characterized by having Bragg diffraction angles of 7.5, 9.3, 13.6, 14.3, 17.9, 24.