Abstract: Various systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media for accessing a storage device are described. Techniques are described for vertically integrating the various software functions and hardware functions for accessing storage hardware. In some embodiments, the system is implemented using non-volatile memory.

Abstract: A method of merging data frames includes: receiving a first data frame having a plurality of sectors; receiving a second data frame having a plurality of sectors; generating a merged output data frame by merging, using a plurality of data paths including a plurality of multiplexers, sectors of the second data frame with sectors of the first data frame; and performing an error check on at least one check-data frame having sectors corresponding to those in the first data frame or the second data frame, where at least some of the sectors in the check-data frame are transmitted on a subset of the plurality of data paths that transmits sectors of the merged output data frame, and where the error check verifies the merged output data frame.

Abstract: A rack mountable 1U storage unit includes a plurality of memory modules arranged in two groups. The storage unit also has control circuitry. The memory modules have a dedicated exhaust channel to draw heat away from the memory modules. The exhaust channel for the memory modules is disposed over and is physically separated from the exhaust channel for the control circuitry. The storage unit can accommodate up to 42 memory modules due to a unique method of placing the individual memory modules.

Abstract: A translation system can translate a storage request having multiple fields to a physical address using the fields as keys to traverse a map. By using a map table, multiple storage services can be condensed into a single map traversal. The map can be made of nodes that include one or more node entries. The node entries can be stored in a hashed storage area or sorted storage area of a node. A node entry of root nodes or inner nodes can include a link to a next node. A node entry of a leaf node can include a physical address. Using the request fields as a key to a node, a node entry can be determined. A pointer in a root node entry or inner node entry can be followed to a next node. A physical address in a leaf node can be the translation of the storage request.

Abstract: A data storage device comprises a non-volatile memory comprising a plurality of blocks, each configured to store a plurality of physical pages at predetermined physical locations. A controller programs and reads data stored in a plurality of logical pages. A volatile memory comprises a logical-to-physical address translation map configured to enabling determination of the physical location, within one or more physical pages, of the data stored in each logical page. A plurality of journals may be stored, each comprising a plurality of entries associating one or more physical pages to each logical page. At startup, the controller may read at least some of the plurality of journals in an order and rebuild the map; indicate a readiness to service data access commands after the map is rebuilt; rebuild a table from the map and, based thereon, select block(s) for garbage collection after having indicated the readiness to process the commands.

Abstract: A translation system can translate a storage request to a physical address using fields as keys to traverse a map of nodes with node entries. A node entry can include a link to a next node or a physical address. Using a portion of the key as noted in node metadata, a node entry can be determined. When snapshotting a dataset, a snapshot value can be updated in a root node entry. New data can be added under the new snaphsot value, preventing overwriting of the prior data, providing deduplication and quick snapshotting. When cloning a dataset, a new root node entry can be made for the clone. The new root entry can reference the original root entry of the original dataset. Metadata of nodes of the clone branch can identify whether the current branch contains updated data or whether the data exists off of the original root entry.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a high-density solid-state storage unit includes a plurality of flash cards. Each flash card has a flash controller that incorporates one or more resources for facilitating compression and decompression operations. In one aspect, data reduction and data reconstruction operations can be performed in-line as data is stored to and retrieved from flash memory. In another aspect, data reduction and data reconstruction operations can be performed as a service. Any one of the plurality of flash cards can be used to provide data reduction or data reconstruction services on demand for any type of data, including system data, libraries, and firmware code.

Abstract: A method of writing data to a range of logical blocks in a storage medium includes: receiving a command including a starting logical block address, a value indicating a range of logical block addresses to be written, and a logical block of data; storing the logical block in a first temporary storage; generating a logical page by duplicating the logical block a plurality of times corresponding to a number of logical blocks in a logical page and transporting the generated logical page to a second temporary storage and storing the generated logical page in the second temporary storage; writing the generated logical page from the second temporary storage into the storage medium beginning from the starting logical block address; and performing a read-modify-write operation if the first write operation does not begin on a logical page boundary or the last write operation does not end on a logical page boundary.

Abstract: Various systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media, for accessing a storage device are described. In certain example embodiments, an active/active fault tolerant storage device comprising two or more controllers may be implemented. In one embodiment, each controller may be coupled to the non-volatile memory’ (NVM) blades comprising the non-volatile memory (NVM) storage medium. In one example implementation, a standardized protocol, such as Peripheral Component Interconnect Express protocol may be used for communicating amongst the various components of the controller and also the NVM storage medium.

Abstract: Techniques are described for accessing data from a storage device. In one example, the storage device may include a storage medium comprising non-volatile memory, a network connection, and one or more processing entities. The one or more processors may be configured to receive a request from the network connection at the non-volatile memory storage device for accessing data associated with a file system object, the request comprising a virtual address offset, a file object identifier and a size of the data access, perform, at a flash translation layer of a storage device software stack executing on the one or more processing entities of the storage device, a translation from the virtual address offset to a physical address for the data stored on the non-volatile memory, using the virtual address offset and the file object identifier, and access the data from the physical address from the storage medium.

Abstract: A translation system can translate a storage request to a physical address using fields as keys to traverse a map of nodes with node entries. A node entry can include a link to a next node or a physical address. Using a portion of the key as noted in node metadata, a node entry can be determined. When adding node entries to a node, a node utilization can exceed a threshold value. A new node can be created such that node entries are split between the original and new node. Node metadata of the parent node, new node and original node can be revised to identify which parts of the key are used to identify a node entry. When removing node entries from a node, node utilization can cross a minimum threshold value. Node entries from the node can be merged with a sibling, or the map can be rebalanced.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a high-density solid-state storage unit includes a base section and a cassette section having plurality of flash cards. The cassette section can be removably attached to the base section to provide security of data stored on the plurality of flash cards. The cassette section provides for physical security of the flash cards in part through packaging of the enclosure and energy transfer to the base station. The cassette section further provides for security of the data stored on the flash cards in part through a trusted platform module (TPM) embodied as a removable module connected to a universal serial bus (USB) style connector.

Abstract: A translation system can translate a request having multiple fields to a physical address using the fields as indexes to a multi-dimensional graph. A field or portion of a field can represent a location along an axis. When combined together, the fields can represent a point in n-space, where n is the number of axes. In some embodiments, a nearest neighbor calculation can be sufficient along an axis. Therefore, a point in n-space defined by the fields can be translated along an axis until a nearest neighbor entry is determined. When the entry is determined, the entry can be accessed to determine a correct response to the translation request.

Abstract: A method of performing an atomic write command in a data storage device comprising a volatile memory and a plurality of non-volatile memory devices configured to store a plurality of physical pages. The method may comprise storing data in a plurality of logical pages (L-Pages), each associated with a logical address. A logical-to-physical address translation map may be maintained in the volatile memory, and may be configured to enable determination of a physical location, within one or more of the physical pages, of the data referenced by each logical address. The data specified by a received atomic write command may be stored one or more L-Pages. Updates to the entry or entries in the translation map associated with the L-Page(s) storing the data specified by the atomic write command may be deferred until all L-Pages storing data specified by the atomic write command have been written in a power-safe manner.

Abstract: Various systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media for accessing a storage device are described. Techniques are described for vertically integrating the various software functions and hardware functions for accessing storage hardware. In some embodiments, the system is implemented using non-volatile memory.

Abstract: A rack mountable 10U storage unit includes a plurality of memory modules arranged in multiple rows. The storage unit also has control circuitry. Each of the memory modules have multiple heating zones and a heat spreader coupled to it. The memory modules may have heat spreaders having differing thermal dissipation capacity coupled to them. The storage unit can accommodate up to 120 memory modules due to a unique method of placing the individual memory modules.

Abstract: A mass storage memory device is disclosed. The device includes a nonvolatile memory, a volatile memory configured to store logical to physical (L2P) data associating logical addresses of data stored in the nonvolatile memory with physical locations of the nonvolatile memory at which the data is stored, and a controller. The controller writes L2P data in the nonvolatile memory so the L2P data can be preserved through a power failure. The controller also writes L2P data stored in the nonvolatile memory to the volatile memory to rebuild the L2P table.

Abstract: A memory system including parent data and clone data is disclosed, where the clone data represents a clone of the parent data. The system determines whether clone data to be accessed is different from corresponding data in the parent. The system also determines a physical location of the data to be accessed based on whether the data to be accessed is different from the corresponding parent data. The system also accesses the data based on the physical location.

Abstract: A mass storage memory device is disclosed. The device includes a plurality of blades where two blades are used to store parity data corresponding to data stored in the other blades. The device also includes a controller configured to write data to the blades along stripes extending from the other blades to the two blades, where the parity data within a stripe is based on the data written to the other blades in the stripe, and wherein the parity data includes two or more types of parity data.

Abstract: A memory system including parent data and clone data is disclosed, where the clone data represents a clone of the parent data. The system determines whether clone data to be accessed is different from corresponding data in the parent. The system also determines a physical location of the data to be accessed based on whether the data to be accessed is different from the corresponding parent data. The system also accesses the data based on the physical location.