Abstract: According to the present invention, if a zirconium nitride lattice is grown by a method for growing zirconium nitride using a metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy method, the lattice binding efficiency of ZrN and GaN can enable a low cost preparation of an LED having high performance and it is very advantageous to grow a green LED by a direct band gap in the presence of Zr3N4. In addition, InZr3N4 can be substituted for In when growing a MQW in an LED, and thus it is very advantageous to prepare green and red LEDs. Further, a more satisfactory diffusion current can be obtained using ZrN or Zr3N4 as an epitaxial interlayer, and thus it is very advantageous in the application of a large LED chip and it is possible to prevent thermal expansion or cracks with respect to a silicon substrate.

Abstract: A method of separating a petroleum-containing material into at least two fractions, an extraction system, and an extraction fluid therefor are provided. Petroleum-containing material as well as a solvent mixture comprising 50%-99% by volume sub-critical carbon dioxide and 1%-50% by volume of at least one co-solvent are introduced into an extraction column. The co-solvent can be propane, ethane, butane, propylene 2 methylpropane, 2,2 dimethylpropane, propadiene, dimethylether, chlorodifluoromethane, difluoromethane and methylfluoride. A fraction containing solvent mixture and solvated petroleum-containing material is removed from the top portion of the extraction column, while a dense fraction of the petroleum-containing material, as well as solvent mixture, is withdrawn from the bottom portion of the extraction column. Solvent mixture is recovered from the solvated petroleum-containing material.

Abstract: A method of separating a petroleum-containing material into at least two fractions, an extraction system, and an extraction fluid therefor are provided. Petroleum-containing material as well as a solvent mixture comprising 50%-99% by volume sub-critical carbon dioxide and 1%-50% by volume of at least one co-solvent are introduced into an extraction column. The co-solvent can be propane, ethane, butane, propylene 2 methylpropane, 2,2 dimethylpropane, propadiene, dimethylether, chlorodifluoromethane, difluoromethane and methylfluoride. A fraction containing solvent mixture and solvated petroleum-containing material is removed from the top portion of the extraction column, while a dense fraction of the petroleum-containing material, as well as solvent mixture, is withdrawn from the bottom portion of the extraction column. Solvent mixture is recovered from the solvated petroleum-containing material.