Abstract: A security marker for an item is disclosed which may include (i) an (optional) first component of the marker which is an indicator (e.g., identify the presence of the forensic component marker); (ii) a second component of the marker which is a forensic component defining a unique identification code or other information for the item, e.g., based on a combination of characteristics; and (iii) a chemical scent/trace, e.g., detectable only by a trained dog. Thus, the marker when deployed may advantageously be tracked/located, e.g., by a dog to aid in the tracing of items or personnel following an offence. Advantageously the chemical scent/trace may be detectible at a distance from the item.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems and methods which utilize a security marker featuring redundancy. In particular, the security marker may include a forensic marker component having a specific combination of predetermined characteristics that directly corresponds to data provided in a database and a validation marker component having a specific combination of separate and distinct predetermined characteristics that are independent of the forensic marker component and which also correspond to the same data provided in the database as the forensic marker component. Thus, the validation marker component may advantageously provide independent means for validating results obtained using the forensic marker component. In this way, the redundancy provided by the second validation marker component may improve the accuracy/reliability of the marker and/or the resiliency of the marker (for example, in the case of degradation of the forensic marker component).

Abstract: A security marker is disclosed which may include (i) a first level of the marker which is an indicator, and (ii) a second level of the marker which is a characteristic fingerprint, wherein the marker is configured such that an identification of the first level of the marker (e.g., the identification of the indicator or its nature) provides information to identify the second level of the marker (e.g. to identify a nature or characteristic of the second level of the marker such as to identify that the second level of the marker is a fingerprint). Therefore, advantageously, the identification of the first level of the marker may provide key information for identifying the what the second level of the marker may be and/or a characteristic of that second level, e.g., a type of fingerprint being used.