Abstract: A process for preparing .alpha.,.omega.-dicarboxylic acids of the formula OC--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --COOH in which n=6 to 10 is disclosed. The process consists of the catalytic oxidation of a compound of formula X--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --CHO wherein X is CHO or COOH and n is 6 to 10 by O.sub.2 pure or in mixture with inert gas, possibly under pressure, in at least one polar solvent, at a temperature comprised between 20.degree. and 90.degree. C. and in the presence of a catalyst. The catalyst is chosen from the group consisting of at least one cobalt (II) salt and one ferrous salt. The amount of the catalyst is .ltoreq.0.001 mol % calculated on the equivalents of the aldehyde groups in the starting compound.

Abstract: A method of dyeing textile materials of polycapronamide, enabling low temperature dyeing conditions and process duration times which do not exceed the art standards, is characterized by the following combined features: (a) use of at least two discrete combinations of dyestuffs, which show different kinetic behaviors from each other; (b) maintenance of an alkaline pH at tapering values, in the extreme down to neutral; (c) use of exclusively anionic dyeing aids; and (d) maintenance through the various method steps of a maximum temperature as high as 60.degree. C., preferably as 40.degree. C.Perfectly uniform dyeing is achieved through the utilization of conventional apparata and dyeing method procedures.

Abstract: Process for the concurrent preparation of olefinically unsaturated or satted .alpha.,.omega.-dialdehydes and .alpha.,.omega.-diacids, characterized by the fact that the monoozonide of a a mono- or polyunsaturated cycloolefine in solution in a polar solvent, is treated with water and subsequently with an alkaline aqueous solution at room pressure and at a temperature from -5.degree. C. to 70.degree. C., maintaining during the addition of the alkali, a pH not higher than 12, the dialdehyde and the diacid being subsequently isolated by known, conventional methods.

Abstract: The process for obtaining fiber-reinforced foams suitable to be transformed nto reinforced solid cellular materials having a density lower than 0.7 kg/l, if inert fillers are not present, and lower than 1 kg/l if inert fillers are present as well, essentially by mechanical incorporation of gas or a mixture of gases into an unsaturated polyester resin containing conventional additives is described. As reinforcing materials synthetic, vegetable or mineral fibers having a maximum length of 3 mm are employed. The mixture of the resin with the fibers, and optionally with the inert fillers, is conveyed by at least one pump to a mechanical foaming device which introduces into the mixture gas in form of small bubbles, homogeneously and uniformly distributed therein.

Abstract: As new industrial products, the esters of the following general formula (A) ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is alkyl radical selected from the group consisting of hyl and ethyl;R.sub.2 is an alkyl radical selected from the group consisting of methyl and ethyl; andR.sub.3 is an alkyl radical having the formula C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 wherein n is a number from 5 to 11.Process for the preparation of said esters as well as their use in the field of lubrication, of hydraulic fluids, of oily emulsions and of thermal fluids.

Abstract: A projectile for a smooth bore gun includes a metal bullet, substantially de of lead, and a wad-flight control element of plastic material. The bullet is constituted by a metal body provided with an ogive with centering fins and comprises one or more cylindrical segments. The wad-flight control element comprises a container, connected to the bullet and containing the same, an amortizing portion and a cup for sealing off propellant gases. The amortizing portion and the sealing cup act to control the projectile during flight.

Abstract: Process for obtaining cellular materials, based on unsaturated polyester in optionally containing reinforcing and/or inert fillers, having a density between 0.2 and 1.0 kg/l by moulding under pressure a liquid foam of said resins, characterized by the fact that the liquid foam based on unsaturated polyester resins containing conventional additives, optionally containing an inert and/or reinforcing charge of mineral or organic fibers having a length which is less than 5 mm, preferably less than 3 mm and more preferably less than 1.5 mm, obtained by mechanical introduction of a gas and/or by means of a chemical and/or physical foaming agent, is firstly introduced into an open half-mould optionally containing a further fiber reinforcement, by casting an amount higher than the free volume of the mould, and subsequently said foam is cross-linked.

Abstract: A process for obtaining cellular materials from unsaturated polyester resins reinforced with fillers having a density below 0.7 kg/lt by injecting a liquid foam, made from the resins by mechanical introduction of a gas therein into a closed mold, is described. The liquid foam, obtained from polyester resins including additives and optionally a reinforcement of synthetic, artificial, vegetable or mineral fibres having a length lower than 5 mm, and optionally containing a low boiling foaming agent, is injected voluminized and cross-linked in the hot or in the cold in a closed mold containing a reinforcing agent of synthetic, artificial, vegetable or mineral fibers as a monofilament mat, a cut fibre mat, a mono or bidirectional roving woven mat, rovings, fabrics.

Abstract: A viscose rayon filament yarn excellent in resistance to deterioration with time and uniform in boiling water shrinkage factor in the longitudinal direction of yarn which has been produced by a continuous spinning process characterized by spinning out a viscose having a sulfur content of sulfur oxides and polysulfides of 0.55% by weight or less based on the weight of cellulose, then allowing the yarn to stand for a time period defined by the following equation and then washing it with water and drying it:7.5D.sub.M +15.ltoreq.T.sub.s .ltoreq.10D.sub.M +25wherein D.sub.M is denier of the monofilament constituting the rayon filament yarn to be spun and T.sub.s, expressed in second, is the standing time of the viscose filament spun.

Abstract: A process for obtaining fiber-reinforced foams suitable to be transformed to reinforced solid cellular materials having a density lower than 0.7 kg/l, if inert fillers are not present, and lower than 1 kg/l if inert fillers are present as well, essentially by mechanical incorporation of gas or a mixture of gases into an unsaturated polyester resin containing conventional additives is described. As reinforcing materials synthetic, vegetable or mineral fibers having a maximum length of 3 mm are employed. The mixture of the resin with the fibers, and optionally with the inert fillers, is conveyed by at least one pump to a mechanical foaming device which introduces into the mixture gas in form of small bubbles, homogeneously and uniformly distributed therein.

Abstract: Method for forming a projectile for a smooth bore gun from a metal bullet, ubstantially made of lead, and a wad-flight control element of plastic material. The bullet is constituted by a metal body provided with an ogive with centering fins and comprises one or more cylindrical segments. The wad-flight control element comprises a container, connected to the bullet and containing the same, an amortizing portion and a cup for sealing off propellant gases. The amortizing portion and the sealing cup act to control the projectile during its flight. The bullet is positioned in a mold by the ogive and the plastic is injection molded about the bullet and inserts to define the flight control element.

Abstract: A process for recovering omega-amino-dodecanoic acid by separating the byoducts from the crude acid that comprises, in the sequence indicated (a) treating the crude acid in the presence of water with an acid (A) in such an amount as to obtain an acid (A)/amino acid molar ratio comprised of between 2:1 and 1:1, the amount of water being such as to dissolve at least part of the salt obtained and not to dissolve at least part of the by-products, (b) separating the phases into one containing most of the salt and another containing most of the by-products, (c) decomposing the salt by treatment with an organic or inorganic base (B) and isolating the amino acid in the free state.

Abstract: Process for the continuous production of viscose rayon yarns having a high egree of whiteness, comprising extruding a viscose solution into a coagulating bath, drawing and coagulating the extruded filaments, advancing said filaments in a substantially helical path while they undergo all the treatments required for the production of the finished yarn, which process is characterized by, after the exit of the filaments from the spinning bath, completion of the coagulation to a coagulation index not higher than 1 and a treatment with water having a non-alkaline pH.

Abstract: A process for separating and recovering organic compounds from an oxygen-taining recycle gas deriving from an ozonization process is disclosed. The process comprises the separation of products in form of fumes from the gas, the countercurrent scrubbing of the gas with a polyoxyalkyleneglycol containing 2-4 carbon atoms, pre-treated with a monocarboxylic acid anhydride and/or the countercurrent scrubbing of the gas with the polyoxyalkyleneglycol or with an excess of a base. The organic compounds are recovered either by stripping (at atmospheric pressure or under vacuum) or by hydrolysis followed by distillation (at atmospheric pressure or under vacuum).

Abstract: A viscose rayon filament yarn excellent in resistance to deterioration with time and uniform in boiling water shrinkage factor in the longitudinal direction of yarn which has been produced by a continuous spinning process characterized by spinning a viscose having a sulfur content of sulfur oxides and polysulfides of 0.55% by weight or less based on the weight of cellulose, then allowing the yarn to stand for a time period defined by the following equation and then washing it with water and drying it:7.5D.sub.M +15.ltoreq.T.sub.s .ltoreq.10D.sub.M +25wherein D.sub.M is denier of the monofilament constituting the rayon filament yarn to be spun and T.sub.s, expressed in second, is the standing time of the viscose filament spun.

Abstract: A process is described for the fast dyeing of textile materials constitut at least to a significant degree, by polyamides, in particular quick dyeing polyamides, characterized in that a dye bath is employed comprising acid dyes to which a combination of reagents (e.g. ammonium sulphate and caustic soda) is added that is adapted to impart to the bath an initial alkaline pH and to lower the pH by elimination of volatile bases, at least at the final heating temperatures, and in that the bath is heated until final temperatures between 60.degree. C. and 80.degree. C. are attained.

Abstract: The process and an apparatus for separating and recovering caprolactam moer from polycapronamide are described. A process comprises subjecting a molten capronamide to the action of a vacuum while it flows as a thin layer, extracting therefrom caprolactam as a vapor and condensing the caprolactam vapor by contact with a stream of molten caprolactam, substantially under the same vacuum to which the polymer has been subjected. Preferably the caprolactam vapor and the molten caprolactam flow equicurrently, the molten caprolactam being suitably subdivided. Heat exchange intensifying surfaces are present in the equicurrent flow path. The molten caprolactam is circulated in a closed circuit.

Abstract: A process is described for the continuous spinning of viscose rayon. Said ocess is characterized by the fact that after the coagulation and drawing of the yarn, a two-stage setting is carried out, the first stage being at higher temperature and acidity than the second stage. The two-stage setting permits one to obtain a yarn which is not only perfectly set but is also substantially desulphurated and the classic desulphuration operation is thus eliminated. The setting is followed by at least one washing and by the other conventional treatments, with the exception of the desulphuration. The viscose rayon continuous spinning process is carried out while the yarn travels in a substantially helical path.

Abstract: A process for the xanthation of alkali-cellulose comprises the reaction of he alkali-cellulose with CS.sub.2 in excess with respect to the desired xanthate substitution degree at a pressure which increases from the initial 110 mm Hg to about 400-500 mm Hg and at a temperature increasing from about 21.degree. C. to about 23.degree.-25.degree. C. The unreacted CS.sub.2 is removed from the reactor, once the desired xanthate substitution degree is reached, by application of a vacuum. This viscose rayon continuous spinning process eliminates the need for the usual desulphuration phase for decreasing the sulphur content and for bleaching the product. The viscose obtained has reduced content of compounds capable of forming elementary sulphur. The regenerated cellulose yarn has improved characteristics as to the sulphur content and degree of whiteness.

Abstract: A process is provided herein for continuously spinning viscose yarns by euding viscose into a coagulating bath to form filaments and partially coagulating these filaments to a coagulation index of between 15 and 18, while concurrently stretching said filaments to the desired stretch ratio and then subjecting the filaments to a 2-stage coagulation treatment in which (1) the filaments are advanced without further chemical treatment onto e.g. a first advancing roller where partial spontaneous coagulation occurs such that the coagulation index is between 5 and 8 and (2) a second stage coagulation which comprises contacting the filaments with an acid bath at a temperature between 50.degree. and 100.degree. C. until complete coagulation occurs such that the coagulation index is between 0 and 1.The aforementioned process permits the spinning operation to occur at a much greater speed than was hitherto possible without increasing dimensions of the treatment zones or apparatus.