Abstract: A computer-implemented method including obtaining an identification of content cards that are eligible for display to a user. The method also can include generating a ranking for the content cards using a trained ranking function that is based at least on (i) first probability scores for the user engaging with the content cards, (ii) estimated dwell times for the user for the content cards, and (iii) card quality scores that are based at least on second probability scores for the user completing tasks within a predetermined time period after viewing the content cards. The method additionally can include ordering an arrangement of the content cards for presentment to the user based on the ranking. Other embodiments are described.

Abstract: A method including training a machine-learning model, based on historical data, with a maximization problem and one or more minimization problems to improve one or more fairness metrics. The method also can include receiving real-time data. The method additionally can include generating a risk score based on the machine-learning model, as trained, and the real-time data. Other embodiments are described.