Abstract: An incapacitating composition, for example of the type containing at least one incapacitating active ingredient is described, characterised in that it contains, as the active ingredient, a synergistic mixture of a piperidide, such as the piperine extracted from certain peppers, and of capsaicinoids extracted from certain capsicums. The composition is in the form of a solution, or combined with a powder, optionally diluted in an immiscible diluent The composition spraying device comprises an aerosol or a spray lance for the solution or the powder, or pyrotechnic or smoke-producing systems, weapons using ammunition comprising capsules of the powder or liquid containing the incapacitating composition, which ammunition is intended to be fired and to explode on the target or in the space surrounding the target.