Abstract: A number of variations may include depositing, on a substrate comprising cellulose, an aqueous mixture comprising modified cellulose polymer molecules and organic acid molecules comprising at least two carboxyl acid groups; removing water from the mixture deposited on the substrate to provide a coating on the substrate; wherein the organic acid molecules have a melting point above ambient temperature, and wherein the organic acid molecules are cross-linkable with the modified cellulose polymer molecules and the cellulose at or above ambient temperatures.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the use of a quaternized derivative of polyisobutylene as stabiliser in inverse emulsions like inverse emulsions used for a reverse-phase emulsion polymerisation process, e.g. for the polymerisation of acrylamide and ethylenically unsaturated cationic monomers. Such emulsions are e.g. used as flocculant for waste water treatment. The present invention is further directed to inverse emulsions comprising a quaternized derivative of polyisobutylene. The inverse emulsions have sufficiently low viscosity and sufficiently high shear stability. The present invention is further directed to an inverse emulsion polymerisation process, wherein the inverse emulsion comprises a quaternized derivative of polyisobutylene.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for dispersing metal sulfates are provided. A method for dispersing metal sulfates includes providing a mineral ore; contacting an acidic leaching solution with the mineral ore; adding a dispersion additive to the mineral ore and/or leaching solution to disperse the metal sulfates therein, wherein the dispersion additive is chosen from a water-soluble aromatic surfactant, a lignosulfonate, a naphthalene sulfonate, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for dispersing complex scale based on elemental sulfur are provided. A method for dispersing elemental sulfur in acidic water includes providing water including elemental sulfur and adding from about 1 to about 100 parts by weight of a sulfur dispersion additive to the water based on one million parts by weight of the water to disperse the elemental sulfur in the water. The sulfur dispersion additive is chosen from a water soluble aromatic surfactant, a lignosulfonate, a naphthalene sulfonate, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to dewatering aqueous sludge that is produced by waste water or sewage treatment facilities such as from municipal and industrial processes. The method includes treating an aqueous sludge with a cationic polyacrylamide polymer comprising the reaction product of: acrylyl monomer(s) comprising a nonionic amide; cationic monomer(s); and vinyl monomer(s).

Abstract: A scale inhibitor composition for reducing calcium scale under stressed conditions is disclosed. The composition comprises a combination of scale inhibiting components, including an acrylic acid polymer and a chelant. The acrylic acid polymer is provided as an aqueous polymerization reaction product of an acrylic acid and a chain transfer agent, with the acrylic acid polymer having a weight averaged molecular weight (Mw) of from about 1,300 to about 15,000 Daltons. A method of preparing the scale inhibitor composition is also disclosed, and comprises reacting the acrylic acid and the chain transfer agent to give the reaction product comprising the acrylic acid polymer, and combining the reaction product with the chelant. A process for ameliorating calcite scale in a mining operation is further disclosed.

Abstract: Provided is Miktoarm star polymers, which are provided either as an aqueous solution or as thin micro-flakes. Also provided is a process of making the star polymers thereof. These polymers bear short polyacrylic segment(s) and long buoyant sulfonated polymer segment(s), which were found to be effective as additives for cement slurry water retention and as a plasticizer.

Abstract: Treated substrates and methods of forming the same are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, a treated substrate includes lignocellulose and a polymer fixed to the lignocellulose to form the treated substrate. The polymer includes a succinic moiety that can reversibly change between a succinic anhydride and a succinic acid moiety. The treated substrate has a wet tensile index of about 3 newton meters per gram or less.

Abstract: The present compositions and methods relate to an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) composition comprising a two-step polymerization. In a first step, a first inverse water-in-oil emulsion polymer is prepared and wherein a second inverse water-in-oil emulsion is combined with the first inverse water-in-oil emulsion and wherein polymerization of the second inverse water-in-oil emulsion is initiated in-situ with the first inverse water-in-oil emulsion polymer, producing a second inverse water-in-oil emulsion polymer that is physically interlaced or cross-linked with the first inverse water-in-oil emulsion creating an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) composition.

Abstract: A method of treatment of an aqueous foamable medium, such as a process stream of a pulp and paper mill, the method comprising contacting the aqueous process stream with a defoaming agent comprising: a) at least one C12 to C40 Guerbet alcohol; and/or, b) at least one polyol ester.

Abstract: Heat sensitive recording material, recording sheets formed from heat sensitive recording material, and methods for forming images using heat sensitive recording material are provided. An exemplary heat sensitive recording material includes a color forming compound, a first non-phenolic color developer, and a second non-phenolic color developer.

Abstract: An aqueous composition includes water and a cationic polymeric resin having at least one reactive aldehyde group and formed from the reaction of glyoxal and a polymer. The polymer comprises at least one acrylamide repeating unit and at least one cationic repeating unit wherein a number of reactive aldehyde equivalents divided by a number of equivalents of residual glyoxal based on the total weight of the polymer is greater than about 1.2, wherein prior to reaction the polymer has greater than about 50 mole % acrylamide repeat units and from about 2 to about 30 mole % cationic repeating units, wherein greater than about 5 mole % of the acrylamide repeating units are converted to reactive aldehyde groups in the cationic polymer resin; and wherein the composition exhibits a viscosity gain of less than about 200%.

Abstract: Foam formulations and methods for manufacturing paper products using foam formulations are provided. An exemplary method includes producing a foam of a gas, water, a dry strength agent, and a combination of foaming agents including an anionic sulfated/sulfonated surfactant and a polysorbate-type nonionic surfactant; applying the foam to a web; and processing the web to form the product.

Abstract: A drainage-optimized additive composition for papermaking is disclosed. The composition comprises an aqueous media, a glyoxalated polyacrylamide (GPAM) resin, and an anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) resin. The GPAM resin has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of at least about 5 MDa and a cationic monomer content of at least about 4 mol %. The APAM resin has a Mw of at least about 0.25 MDa, and an anionic monomer content up to about 25 mol %. A method of preparing the additive composition is also disclosed, and comprises preparing a cationic acrylamide (CPAM) prepolymer having a predetermined cationic monomer, selectively glyoxalating the CPAM prepolymer in aqueous media during glyoxalation to give the GPAM resin, and combining the GPAM and APAM resins. The method may be carried out in situ during a papermaking process (i.e., as an on-site method), and may be implemented in different forms during the process of forming paper.

Abstract: Provided is a method for the removal of salts and by-products from vinylamine-containing polymers. In particular, the method allows the removal of unwanted salts, by-products, spent initiators and short chain vinylamine-containing polymers while retaining the functional, higher molecular weight polymers that provide for desired product performance.

Abstract: An aqueous composition includes water and a cationic polymeric resin having at least one reactive aldehyde group and formed from the reaction of glyoxal and a polymer. The polymer comprises at least one acrylamide repeating unit and at least one cationic repeating unit wherein a number of reactive aldehyde equivalents divided by a number of equivalents of residual glyoxal based on the total weight of the polymer is greater than about 1.2, wherein prior to reaction the polymer has greater than about 50 mole % acrylamide repeat units and from about 2 to about 30 mole % cationic repeating units, wherein greater than about 5 mole % of the acrylamide repeating units are converted to reactive aldehyde groups in the cationic polymer resin; and wherein the composition exhibits a viscosity gain of less than about 200%.

Abstract: A cationic polyacrylamide (cPAM) and methods of making and using the same are disclosed. The cPAM comprises the radical polymerization reaction product of an acrylamide (AM) monomer, a cationic monomer, and, optionally, one or more additional ethylenically unsaturated monomer(s). A glyoxalated polyacrylamide (gPAM) resin is also disclosed, and comprises the reaction product of a glyoxalation agent and the cationic polyacrylamide (cPAM). An additive composition for papermaking is also disclosed, along with methods of preparing and using the same. The additive composition comprises an aqueous media and the glyoxalated polyacrylamide (gPAM) resin dispersed therein. The preparation methods provide for low product impurities at the cPAM, gPAM, and paper product stages.

Abstract: In a geothermal plant, alternately injecting an acid composition and a caustic composition removes or inhibits scale build-up.

Abstract: Compositions and methods that generally relates to treating a substrate and for improving adhesion of an image to a treated substrate and more particularly relates to systems and methods utilizing a combination of a poly tertiary amide, colloidal silica, and optionally a polymeric binder, for treating a substrate and for improving adhesion of an electrographic image to a treated substrate.

Abstract: Methods for producing final polymer A are provided that comprise the following steps: (A) providing a starting polymer V, the starting polymer V being obtainable by radical polymerization of the monomers (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv) as described herein in the amounts provided herein; and (B) hydrolyzing the provided starting polymer V under alkaline conditions to obtain the final polymer A, wherein the N—C(?O)R1 groups of formula (I) at least partially hydrolyze the monomers (i) polymerized into the starting polymer V to form primary amino groups. Certain final polymers A obtained are useful for a method for producing paper or cardboard comprising adding certain final polymers A to a first aqueous pulp suspension, dewatering the obtained second aqueous pulp suspension containing certain final polymers A on a water-permeable substrate to a wet paper structure, and further dewatering of the wet paper structure into a paper or cardboard.