Abstract: A fuel injection device comprises electrically controlled fuel injectors, each opening into an air induction passage upstream of a respective intake valve of a combustion chamber. Each injector has an air-fuel mixture chamber. A throttle valve in the induction passage is constructed to close it when in a minimum opening position. An air line connects the induction passage to the mixture chambers and has an additional air electrically controlled valve. A supplemental electrically controlled valve is branched out of the line and opens into the induction passage downstream of the throttle valve. An electronic unit controls the injectors and the supplementary valve and opens the supplemental valve during cold start of the engine at low temperature and during operation of the engine as a brake at normal temperature, high speed and with the throttle valve closed.

Abstract: The butterfly valve assembly comprises a body formed with an admission duct and a disk shaped butterfly valve member of predetermined shape carried by a shaft that extends transversally to the passage and mounted for rotation in the body between a minimum opening position of the valve member and a maximum opening position. The duct has a cylindrical length whose cross-section matches with the shape of the butterfly valve member when the latter is in its minimum opening position. It further has respective zones upstream and downstream from the cylindrical length, along the paths followed by upstream and downstream edges of the valve member up to a determined opening angle thereof. Such zones are further defined by successive circular arcs centered on the axis of the admission duct and having radii that decrease going away from the cylindrical length along the axis.

Abstract: The supply device with built-in pipework comprises an air distributor/manifold module with a casing and a base element made from plastic or metal and which are fixed to one another. The base element has pipework branches emerging in the casing and in a flange for fixing on to the engine. The casing houses sensors and members for controlling operating parameters of the engine as well as a fuel rail and its regulator supplying injectors which are trapped between the base element and the casing. Components of the air, fuel, ignition and electrical supply circuits are built into the pipework.

Abstract: A process for producing titanium dioxide which discharges no waste is disclosed. In a first step, a sulfuric acid solution containing titanium ion with one or more kinds of metal ions is contacted with a first organic solvent to extract the titanium ion as a sulfuric acid complex. The organic solvent containing the extracted titanium as a sulfuric acid complex (titanyl sulfate) is contacted with an aqueous liquid to strip the titanium into the aqueous liquid and regenerate the first organic solvent. In a second step, the aqueous liquid containing the titanium is subjected to hydrolysis to form insoluble titanium hydroxide, and the titanium hydroxide is washed with dilute sulfuric acid and/or clear water.

Abstract: A rotary throttle member for an internal combustion engine comprises a shaft and a butterfly valve member secured to a central length of the shaft. The shaft and butterfly valve member are single pieces of synthetic material. End portions of the shaft straddle the said central length. The central length has a uniform non-circular cross-section greater than that of the full end portion of the shaft situated on one side of the length. The shaft includes a cam for connection with and winding of a control cable, situated on the other end portion of the shaft. The butterfly valve member has a central hole of complementary cross-section of said central length and is fixed onto the central length.

Abstract: A method and device are disclosed for fitting a shaft-butterfly valve unit in a pipe formed by a butterfly valve body. The device comprises a frame receiving the pipe with its unit. It also comprises a first thruster for moving the shaft in a first direction as far as the first abutment position and a second thruster for moving the shaft in the opposite direction as far as the second abutment position. A sensor detects the abutment positions, and the gap (j) between the abutment positions is computed. The first or second motor is controlled for moving the shaft from the first or second abutment position by a distance equal to a predetermined fraction of the gap.

Abstract: A fuel supply device for internal combustion engines comprises a constant level chamber, an engine-driven fuel pump having an outlet connected to the constant level chamber and an inlet connected to a fuel reservoir through a pipe provided with a non-return valve. A capacity located on the pipe is defined by a wall movable between a first position where the capacity has a maximum volume and a second position where the capacity has a minimum volume. A spring continuously biases the movable wall towards the first position. The movable wall is drawn to the second position responsive to start up of the engine.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing titanium oxide, comprising bringing a sulfuric acid solution containing predominantly titanium ion together with one or more kinds of metal ions into contact with an organic solvent containing one or more species selected from the group of oxygen-containing organic solvents, alkyl amines, and alkyl aryl amines to extract the titanium ions in a form of a sulfuric acid complex from the sulfuric acid solution, and bringing the organic solvent containing the extracted titanium into contact with water or an aqueous dilute sulfuric acid solution to inversely extract the titanium from the organic solvent to the water or the dilute sulfuric acid solution and to regenerate the organic solvent.

Abstract: A fuel supply device for an internal combustion engine comprises at least one electrically controlled injector feeding fuel under pressure into the intake manifold of the engine and an electronic control circuit connected to sensors responsive to operating parameters of the engine, particularly the engine speed, and delivering periodic signals of variable duty ratio to the injector. The control circuit applies asynchronous electrical signals to the injector as long as the running speed of the engine does not reach a predetermined threshold value. The asynchronous signals have a frequency very much higher than that which the synchronous operative law would cause.

Abstract: A method is provided for fitting a butterfly valve on the slotted shaft of a carburetor body. The slot is first of all oriented parallel to the axis of the duct. Then one edge of the butterfly valve is gripped by a gripping member and is inserted as far as its final position by moving the member along the axis of the duct. The unit formed by the butterfly valve and the shaft is rotated as far as the position in which the butterfly valve closes the duct by exerting a force with the gripping member and a retaining torque with a motor.

Abstract: A method for neutralizing a sulfuric acid solution containing predominantly Zn ion, comprising adding, to the sulfuric acid solution, at least one compound selected from the group of chlorine-containing compounds of Na ion, K ion, Mg ion, Ca ion, and NH.sub.4 ion in an amount at least chemically equivalent to SO.sub.4 ion contained; and then bringing the sulfuric acid solution into contact with an organic solvent composed of one or more species selected from the group of oxygen-containing organic solvents and alkylamine organic solvents to extract Zn ion from the sulfuric acid solution as a chloride complex to the organic solvent. The sulfuric acid solution after extraction of Zn ion is further treated by addition of an oxidizing agent or by an electrochemical means to convert Fe.sup.2+ into to Fe.sup.

Abstract: The device controls a throttle member of an induction passage in a fuel supply system. It comprises a first electric sensor for delivering a signal representing the position of a driver actuated member, an electric actuator and a second electric sensor providing an electric signal representing the actual position of the throttle member. The actuator and the sensor are mechanically connected to the throttle member. An electric control circuit receives signals from the sensor and gives the throttle member a position which depends on the position of the driver actuated member. A movable stop is mechanically connected to the driver actuated member and has a one-way connection with the throttle member which limits its degree of opening.

Abstract: A fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine comprises an electrically controlled injector having a body removably connected in a passage opening into an engine induction passage. The body has a nose of reduced diameter. A cap is fitted on the nose of the injector and formed with a fuel jet outlet opening. The cap and nose of the injector define an air chamber. Lateral openings of the cap communicate the air chamber with a space formed between the cap and the wall of the passage, connected to an air source. A spacer plate is retained between the cap and the nose and formed with a central calibrated hole surrounding an outlet of the injector for constituting a calibrated fuel and air jet outlet passage. The spacer plate is retained between the nose and the cap in a predetermined position.

Abstract: A method for neutralization of sulfuric acid containing Fe ions, comprising adding ions selected from the group consisting of Na ions, K ions, Mg ions, Ca ions and NH.sub.4 ions in the form of a compound containing chlorine to a sulfuric acid solution to be treated in an amount corresponding at least to the chemical equivalent to SO.sub.4.sup.2-, and bringing the resultant solution into contact with an organic solvent containing oxygen or comprising alkylamine for extracting Fe ions from said aqueous solution into the organic phase as chloride complex. Iron chloride can be recovered from the organic phase by distilling or evaporating the organic solvent or by extracting back it into water.

Abstract: A fuel supply device for an internal combustion engine comprises a constant level chamber (typically a float chamber) formed in a casing which may be the body of the carburetor of the device. A heat exchanger is formed in the casing or in contact with the casing. A cooling liquid is circulated in a closed-loop circuit including the heat exchanger and a liquid reservoir having a large volume as compared with that of the balance of the circuit.

Abstract: Process for electrolytically producing metals of Ni, Co, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Cr, comprising, electrolyzing an aqueous solution containing ions of a metal as main component selected from Ni, Co, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Cr in a cathode compartment to deposit the metal electrolytically on a cathode, the cathode compartment being separated by one or more diaphragms from the remainder of the solution where iron or a metal containing iron is used for material of corrosible anode, and maintaining the concentration of iron ion in the solution circulating in the anode compartment at a low level by bringing the whole or a part of the circulating solution into contact with an organic solvent which is prepared by adding petroleum hydrocarbon for dilution of one or more extracting agents selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acids, alkylaryl phosphoric acids, hydroxyoximes, alkyl phosphoric acids, alkylamines, ketones, alkylamides, and neutral phosphoric acid esters, to extract and remove the iron or the chloro-complex ion

Abstract: A carburetor for internal combustion engines has an automatic starting device comprising a choke valve based toward opening by the air flow and toward closure by a temperature responsive bimetallic spiral when cold. A device further comprises a stop member an electrically controlled movable stop member having at least one active position in which it permits complete closure of the choke valve and a rest position in which it prevents closing movement of the choke valve beyond a predetermined position, and means arranged to bring said stop member into said active position, responsive to closure of the ignition switch and for being inhibited if after a sequence of operation of the cold engine during a period greater than a first threshold value, then rest condition of the engine for a period less than a second predetermined value.

Abstract: Process for producing fluorides of Mo, W, Nb, Ta, V, Re, Ti, Zr, Hf, Co, Ni, Cr, Sb, Sn, Zn, Pb, Al and rare earth metals comprising heating fluorine-containing ammonium salts of corresponding metals in a stream of an inert or reducing gas to convert them into fluorides of the metals.

Abstract: An electromagnetically-operable fuel injector comprising a fuel chamber having an outlet nozzle and into which a solenoid core projects. A ball valve in the gap between the core and the nozzle orifice and movable towards and away from the core to seat and unseat a valve seat around the nozzle orifice by energization of an electromagnetic circuit. Compensating structure is provided which respond to changes in temperature by changing a physical characteristic. The compensating structure function either to change the length of the core or to adjust the position of the valve seat relative to the core such that any tendency for fuel metering characteristics of the injector to be changed by a change in temperature in the injector is countered whereby operation of the injector to inject fuel is substantially independent of temperature change.

Abstract: A piezoelectric effect electrically actuated valve suitable for use as actuator in an internal combustion engine carburetor, comprises a case in which a fluid passage is provided. A closure member is movable between two positions (full opening and small or zero opening). The movements of the closure member are controlled by at least one piezoelectric element. The electrically controlled valve may have monostable or bistable operation.