Abstract: A method for encoding video data includes the steps of providing video data having a plurality of frames each of which has a plurality of blocks each of which has a predetermined number of pixels, providing a codebook having indices each representing a different pattern, performing an intra-coding process with respect to a first set of frames of the plurality of frames to select from the codebook best match indices for respective blocks of the first set of frames, performing a predictive coding process with respect to a second set of frames of the plurality of frames to obtain codes for respective blocks of the second set of frames, wherein each of the codes has an index-body determined using the best match indices for the blocks of the first set of frames and best match indices selected from the codebook for the blocks of the second set of frames, and performing a bi-directional predictive coding process with respect to a third set of frames of the plurality of frames to obtain codes for respective blocks of