Abstract: Liquid or pasty compositions having release-effective properties, which contain difluoromethoxy-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (E245), either alone or admixed with additional solvents, and at least one agent having release-effective properties, and also the use of these compositions and a method for their preparation.

Abstract: A process for producing diglycerin having a low content of cyclic components by reacting glycerin with epichlorohydrin by a continuous process in which the epichlorohydrin required for the reaction is introduced into at least one flow reactor at several separate spots or reaction zones mutually separated in space in the direction of flow; the reacted reaction mixture is substantially freed of excess glycerin in at least one evaporator; the remaining chlorohydrin/ether mixture is hydrolyzed in at least one first step with a 5 to 40 mole % excess alkali carbonate solution, calculated with respect to organically bound chlorine in the chlorohydrin ether, at a pH of 6.5 to 9.5, and hydrolysis is at least substantially completed in a second step with an alkali hydroxide at a pH above 10; the resulting hydrolyzed crude product solution is adjusted to a pH of 5.

Abstract: A process for preparing ketones, for example CF.sub.3 C(O)CH.sub.3, CF.sub.3 C(O)CH.sub.2 C(O)CF.sub.3 and CF.sub.3 C(O)CF.sub.2 H, in which .beta.-ketoesters are transesterified and decarboxylated using a carboxylic acid, for example trifluoroacetic acid, in the presence of a catalyst, particularly an "onium" salt of a carboxylic acid or an effective amount of a proton-donating acid, preferably a sulfonic acid such as alkyl- or arylsulfonic acids, or a mineral acid. The process is advantageously carried out in the absence of water, so that no formation of acetals or hydrates occurs, and no dehydrating step is needed. The process is simple to carry out, and if transesterification is carried out with a sufficiently active carboxylic acid, for example with trifluoroacetic acid, the presence of an additional catalyst is unnecessary.

Abstract: Compositions which are liquefied under pressure, are suitable as release agents and comprise a fluorocarbon (FC) from the group comprising R134a, R143a, R125, R32, R143, R134, R23, R152a, R14 and R116 and an agent having a releasing action and, if appropriate, other additives, customary for release agents are described; the compositions with the hydrogen-containing fluorocarbons (HFC) mentioned are preferred here. The use of the compositions as release agents and a process for their preparation are likewise described.

Abstract: Polyglycerol fatty acid ester mixtures of mono- di- and polyesters of polyglycerols having a degree of polymerization of 2 to 8 and at least one saturated and/or unsaturated fatty acid, the mixtures having an HLB of greater than 8 and containing 0 to less than 5 wt-% diglycerol fatty acid esters, 20 to 65 wt-% triglycerol fatty acid esters, 20 to 50 wt-% tetraglycerol fatty acid esters and 5 to 40 wt-% higher polyglycerol fatty acid esters, in which the fatty acid component consists of one or more fatty acids selected from the saturated and/or unsaturated, branched and/or unbranched C.sub.6 - to C.sub.14 -fatty acids containing less than 10 wt-% fatty acids having more than 14 carbon atoms; bath additive preparations containing such polyglycerol fatty acid ester mixtures; methods of using such polyglycerol fatty acid ester mixtures, and a process for preparing such mixtures.

Abstract: A method for stabilizing and/or purifying perfluoroalkanes, particularly from perfluoroalkanes which contain polyfluoroalkane by-products from their production process, in which the perfluoroalkanes are stabilized and/or purified by reacting the polyfluoroalkane(s) with fluorine at elevated pressure and temperature, to obtain perfluoroalkanes which are substantially free of polyfluoroalkanes. The method has the advantage that the perfluorination takes place rapidly and without significant formation of by-products or decomposition products.

Abstract: A process for preparing R113a from R113, and R123 from R123a or R123b by rearrangement over AlCl.sub.3, in which when the reaction mixture is heated sudden start-up of the reaction, which often causes large amounts of heat to be released and the reaction to run away, is prevented by using a specially activated AlCl.sub.3, which has been activated by means of a metal halide selected from the group consisting of NaF.nHF with 0<n.ltoreq.2, AgCl and FeCl.sub.3. In addition to it being considerably easier to control the reaction, shorter reaction times for the rearrangement and a decrease in the amount of by-products which are formed, are observed.

Abstract: Compositions containing trifluoromethane and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane which are useful as refrigerants in refrigerating machines and air-conditioning systems.

Abstract: A process for preparing polyglycerol fatty acid ester mixtures in which a polyglycerol mixture of 0.1 to 20 wt % monoglycerol, 20 to 35 wt % diglycerol, 30 to 40 wt % triglycerol and 49.9 to 5 wt % tetra- and higher polyglycerols is reacted with one or more fatty acids, selected from the saturated C.sub.8 - to C.sub.18 -fatty acids (containing 0 to 15 wt % unsaturated fatty acids), in a molar ratio of the polyglycerol to the fatty acid component of 0.3:1.5 to 1.5:0.5 in the presence of at least one catalyst and at reduced pressure, by initially heating the reaction mixture to at least 140.degree. C. and reducing the pressure to at least 600 mbar and then heating the reaction mixture at a temperature from 140.degree. to 220.degree. C. and reducing the pressure from 600 to 10 mbar. After completion of the reaction, the resulting polyglycerol fatty acid ester mixture is cooled and optionally worked up and/or purified.

Abstract: A bath additive composition, in particular an oil bath preparation, containing at least one surface-active component, preferably a water-soluble emulsifier, at least one oily or oil-containing component selected from the natural and synthetic, mineral, ethereal and fatty animal and vegetable oils, optionally a solvent or solvent mixture and also further auxiliaries and additives, the bath additive preparation containing 10 to 60 wt-% of a polyglycerol fatty acid ester mixture as the water-soluble emulsifier and/or solubilizer, 10 to 60 wt-% of an oil, oil mixture and/or oil component having cosmetic and/or therapeutic activity and 0 to 70 wt-% of water, the polyglycerol fatty acid ester mixture containing 0 to 5 parts by weight diglycerol fatty acid esters, 20 to 65 parts by weight triglycerol fatty acid esters, 20 to 50 parts by weight tetraglycerol fatty acid esters, and 5 to 40 parts by weight higher polyglycerol fatty acid esters, for a total of 100 parts by weight, and the fatty acid component consisting

Abstract: Liquid compositions useful as release agents or cooling lubricants containing 1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether and an agent having a lubricant and/or release action and optionally further conventional additives for release agents or cooling lubricants, the use of such compositions as release agents or cooling lubricants, and a process for preparing such compositions.

Abstract: A process for preparing ultrapure hydrogen fluoride by contacting impure hydrogen fluoride with elemental fluorine in the presence of metal fluorides. The ultrapure hydrogen fluoride which can be obtained can be used in electronics or optics or for preparing fluorine-containing organic or inorganic compounds or ultrapure hydrofluoric acid.

Abstract: A method for recovering iodine from a composition containing iodine and/or iodide in which any iodine present is first reduced to iodide, the iodide is then separated from solution by selective anion exchange absorption, the separated iodide is eluted from the exchanger, the iodide-containing eluate solution is treated with a cation exchanger, H.sub.2 O.sub.2 and H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 are then added to the remaining solution, and the resulting iodine is precipitated and may be separated out in crystalline form. The method is also particularly suitable for separating iodine from solutions which contain organic constituents such as nitrogen-containing organic compounds.

Abstract: A method of preparing CH.sub.2 FCF.sub.3 from fluorodichloro-ethylene using a catalytically active niobium, tantalum or molybdenum fluorosulfonate compound or a catalyst mixture which comprises a niobium, tantalum or molybdenum halide and a sulfonic acid derivative.

Abstract: A composition composed of 1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether and at least one surface-active substance and the use of such a composition for removing water from surfaces of objects of diverse material and type are described.

Abstract: A process for preparing fluorine-containing ethane derivatives using hydrogen fluoride and a catalytically active formulation comprising a tantalum fluorosulfonate compound or a niobium fluorosulfonate compound is described. The process is particularly suitable for preparing ethane derivatives which contain a CF.sub.3 group, for example for preparing CF.sub.3 CHCl.sub.2 (R123) from perchloroethylene.

Abstract: A process for preparing fluorine-containing ethane derivatives using hydrogen fluoride and a catalytically active formulation comprising a tantalum fluorosulfonate compound or a niobium fluorosulfonate compound is described. The process is particularly suitable for preparing ethane derivatives which contain a CF.sub.3 group, for example for preparing C.sub.3 CHCl.sub.2 (R123) from perchloroethylene.