Abstract: Apparatuses and systems for generating faithful 3D geometric models that correspond to the shape of an imaged 3D physical object; for storing, transmitting, and transforming those 3D models; for manufacturing 3D objects based upon those models; and for capture, transmission, storage, and transformation of the 3D models and manufacturing of objects from those models. Methods can include generating a 3D model by imaging a 3D object, transforming that 3D model with a transforming device to conform to a negative shape of the 3D object, using photogrammetry to create images from known non-repeatable positions, and using landmarks to identify common reference points in those images.