Abstract: Provided is a power amplifier which includes: a first transistor and a second transistor each having a first end connected to a first power source supplying a first voltage and to which signals having a same size but opposite polarities are input; a third transistor and a fourth transistor having first ends respectively connected to the first ends of the first transistor and the second transistor; and a fifth transistor having a first end connected to second ends of the third and fourth transistors and controlling oscillation of the third or fourth transistor.

Abstract: Provided are method and apparatus for authenticating a password of a user terminal. The method includes: pre-setting, by a user, a password and an identification image for identifying the password; moving a keypad window or an image window realized on a screen of the user terminal according to an action of the user; determining, when a plurality of images included in the image window and a plurality of keys included in the keypad window sequentially overlap with each other, whether a plurality of keys and the identification image corresponding to the password sequentially overlap; and authenticating the password when the plurality of keys and the identification image corresponding to the password sequentially overlap. Accordingly, password information may be protected from a third person observation as the user inputs a pre-set password in an indirect method without having to directly input the pre-set password through an authentication interface.

Abstract: Disclosed is a transformer using a symmetrical printing pattern which includes: a substrate; a plurality of first printing lines printed at predetermined distances on the substrate; a plurality of second printing lines printed at predetermined distances on the substrate; first bonding wires connecting the first printing lines; and second bonding wires connecting the second printing lines, in which the first printing lines and the second printing lines are printed in a symmetrical printing pattern, respectively, on the substrate, and the first bonding wires and the second bonding wires are formed symmetrically, respectively.

Abstract: Provided are method and apparatus for authenticating a password of a user terminal by using a password icon. The method includes: method of authenticating a password of a user terminal, the method including: pre-setting, by a user, a password icon corresponding to a password and a moving direction of the password icon; sequentially moving the icon according to actions of the user at a screen of the user terminal; when the icon is sequentially moved, determining whether the pre-set password icon and the pre-set moving direction of the password icon are matched; and authenticating the password when the password icon and the moving direction of the password icon is sequentially matched.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus for transmitting and receiving wireless energy using meta-material structures having a zero refractive index. The apparatus includes a wireless energy transmission unit and a wireless energy reception unit. When external power is applied thereto, the wireless energy transmission unit generates wireless energy to be wirelessly transmitted, and then wirelessly transmits wireless energy, which is normally propagated radially when the generated wireless energy is transmitted, using a magnetic resonance method while concentrating the wireless energy in one direction.

Abstract: Provided are a band stop filter of a CRLH structure and a manufacturing method thereof. A band stop filter of a CRLH structure according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a microstrip transmission line formed on a substrate; a right handed material (RHM) region including a first stub and a first capacitor connected to the microstrip transmission line in parallel and stopping a signal of a first frequency band passing through the microstrip transmission line; and a left handed material (LHM) region further provided between the first stub and the first capacitor to block a signal of a second frequency band passing through the microstrip transmission line.

Abstract: Provided is a wireless positioning method using a wireless sensor network, for estimating a position of an unknown node that is a positioning target by using a plurality of anchor nodes arranged at regular intervals, the wireless positioning method including: setting a plurality of test nodes at regular intervals on a space formed by some of the plurality of anchor nodes; obtaining a number and position information of anchor nodes within a predetermined distance from the unknown node; detecting at least one test node matching the obtained number and position information; and estimating a position of the unknown node by calculating an average coordinate value of the detected at least one test node.

Abstract: Provided is an integrated circuit (IC) having a stacked structure. The IC includes: a first IC having a power input terminal to which a power supply voltage is applied; and a second IC having a power input terminal connected to a ground terminal of the first IC, having a central node formed as the power input terminal of the second IC and the ground terminal of the first IC are connected to each other and to which a voltage is applied, and having a ground terminal connected to a ground source, wherein the power supply voltage is divided into first and second voltages that are respectively applied to the first and second ICs.

Abstract: Provided is a power voltage supply apparatus of a 3-dimensional (3D) semiconductor. The power voltage supply apparatus includes a plurality of integrated circuits (ICs) which each include a first through silicon via (TSV) and a second TSV, are stacked such that the first TSVs are connected and second TSVs are connected, and are mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB), wherein a first PCB line formed on the PCB and supplying a first voltage is connected to a bottom of a first TSV of a bottom IC from among the plurality of ICs, and a second PCB line formed on the PCB and supplying a second voltage is connected to a top of a second TSV of a top IC.

Abstract: Provided is a power amplifier using a differential structure. The power amplifier includes: first and second transistors whose first terminals are each connected to a first power supply source supplying a first voltage and into which signals having the same size and opposite polarities are input; third and fourth transistors whose first terminals are respectively connected to the first terminals of the first and second transistors; and a fifth transistor whose first terminal is connected to second terminals of the third and fourth transistors and controlling oscillation of the third or fourth transistor.

Abstract: Provided is an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection diode that is formed on an input/output pad of an integrated circuit (IC), the ESD protection diode including: an N-type semiconductor that constitutes a first diode and is connected to a pad for a power supply voltage; a P-type semiconductor that constitutes the first diode and is connected to a signal line; an N-type semiconductor that constitutes a second diode and is connected to the signal line; a P-type semiconductor that constitutes the second diode and is connected to a pad for grounding; and a third diode that is formed by contacting the N-type semiconductor of the first diode and the P-type semiconductor of the second diode.

Abstract: A wireless localization method using a fingerprinting technique that performs localization by using a plurality of access points and a plurality of sample points arranged at regular distances, the wireless localization method includes: detecting first through third sample points adjacent to a predetermined node from among the plurality of sample points via the fingerprinting technique; calculating corrected coordinates by using a received signal strength (RSS) between the predetermined node and the first sample point, an RSS value between the predetermined node and the second sample point, an RSS value between the first and second sample points, an RSS value between the first and third sample points, and a distance between the plurality of sample points; and estimating a location of the predetermined node by reflecting the corrected coordinates on coordinates of the first sample point.

Abstract: There is provided a method for recognizing a user context using multimodal sensors, and the method includes classifying accelerometer data by extracting candidates for movement feature from the accelerometer data collected from an accelerometer, selecting one or more movement features from the extracted candidates for movement feature based on relevance and redundancy thereof, and then inferring a user's movement type based on the selected movement features using a first time-series probability model; classifying audio data by extracting surrounding features from the audio data collected from an audio sensor and inferring the user's surrounding type based on the extracted surrounding features; and recognizing a user context by recognizing the user context based on either of the movement type or the surrounding type.

Abstract: An automatic brightness adjusting method and apparatus for image signal processor (ISP) is provided. The image processing apparatus may include a histogram generating unit, a cumulative distribution function calculator, and a histogram equalization (HE) unit. The histogram generating unit may generate a histogram of brightness values of pixels in an input image. The cumulative distribution function calculator may generate a cumulative distribution function and an inverse cumulative distribution function, based on the generated histogram. The HE unit may generate a conversion function based on the cumulative distribution function and the inverse cumulative distribution function, and may apply HE to the input image based on the conversion function so as to generate an output image.

Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus for authenticating a password, wherein the method includes: generating at least one input grid cell into which a password is input from among a plurality of grid cells realized on a screen of a user terminal; and authenticating the password when the password is identical to a number of identification grid cells included in an authentication range predetermined based on the at least one input grid cell, wherein the identification grid cells are set to authenticate the password from among the plurality of grid cells. Accordingly, password information may be prevented from being exposed to a third person observer since a variable password is input whenever a user tries password authentication in a terminal.

Abstract: An encoding device includes an encoder and a puncturing unit. The encoder generates parity bits based on information bits. The puncturing unit punctures the parity bits based on a puncturing pattern complying with a first criterion determining a period of the puncturing pattern and a second criterion determining positions of remaining parity bits.

Abstract: Disclosure relates to a method of sharing a session key between wireless communication terminals using a variable-length authentication code. The method includes: generating a public key by using an own private key; generating a message including the public key and a first random number and encoding the message using an own secret key to exchange an encrypted message with the other terminal; decoding the encrypted message of the other terminal by receiving a secret key of the other terminal; generating an authentication code by calculating the first random number and a second random number included in the decoded message; obtaining a medium value from the authenticated code; and generating a session key by using a public key included in the decoded message of the other terminal.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is there is provided an apparatus for transmitting and receiving wireless energy using meta-material structures having a negative refractive index. The apparatus includes a wireless energy transmission unit and a wireless energy reception unit. The wireless energy transmission unit generates wireless energy to be wirelessly transmitted, and then wirelessly transmits wireless energy, which is normally propagated radially, using a magnetic resonance method while concentrating the wireless energy at a single point. The wireless energy reception unit wirelessly receives the wireless energy using the magnetic resonance method while concentrating the wireless energy at a single point.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing nano-fiber non-woven fabrics is provided. The method comprises preparing a polyurethane solution by dissolving polyurethane in an organic solvent, producing an electrospinning solution by adding far infrared ray emitting particles, antibacterial inorganic particles, and deodorization inorganic particles to the polyurethane solution, and electrospinning the electrospinning solution to form the nano-fiber non-woven fabric. The far infrared ray emitting particles may be obtained by adding a metal oxide to ceramics and sintering the metal oxide-added ceramics. The antibacterial inorganic particles may be obtained by impregnating a zirconium-based carrier with silver ions. The deodorization inorganic particles may be obtained by impregnating a zirconium-based or a silica oxide-based carrier with an amine-based compound.

Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus for authenticating a password, wherein the method includes: generating at least one input grid cell into which a password is input from among a plurality of grid cells realized on a screen of a user terminal; and authenticating the password when the password is identical to a number of identification grid cells included in an authentication range predetermined based on the at least one input grid cell, wherein the identification grid cells are set to authenticate the password from among the plurality of grid cells. Accordingly, password information may be prevented from being exposed to a third person observer since a variable password is input whenever a user tries password authentication in a terminal.