Abstract: A symmetric PGP encrypted communications path is provided in which the recipient may be identified with only publicly available information. Data to be encrypted is encrypted at the object level. Encryption keys for both the transmitter and receiver are sent to a security server. Data received from the transmitter includes intended receiver ID. The receiver includes its actual ID. The received ID and the actual ID are sent to the security server for authentication. If authentication succeeds, the security server sends a session key to the receiver, and the receiver can use its own key to decrypt data. The system reacts to authentication failure by disabling decryption in the receiver and may also take countermeasures.

Abstract: In an integrated circuit a microwave signal is routed through a selected signal path. Routing is accomplished by switching to determine the signal path. Control signals are applied remotely. The microwave integrated circuit is programmable by virtue of the ability to command selection of a signal path. The signal path is chosen to include or avoid selected “RF functional elements,” i.e., components through which radio frequency signals may be routed. RF functional elements may include, for example, amplifiers, mixers, attenuators, and phase shifters. Aspects of programmability in the integrated circuit include the provision of the functional circuit elements for selectable connection in signal paths, the switching and interconnect technologies used to switch and connect between them, and the arrangement of the functional circuit elements in relationship to each other.

Abstract: A symmetric PGP encrypted communications path is provided in which the recipient may be identified with only publicly available information. Data to be encrypted is encrypted at the object level. Encryption keys for both the transmitter and receiver are sent to a security server. Data received from the transmitter includes intended receiver ID. The receiver includes its actual ID. The received ID and the actual ID are sent to the security server for authentication. If authentication succeeds, the security server sends a session key to the receiver, and the receiver can use its own key to decrypt data. The system reacts to authentication failure by disabling decryption in the receiver and may also take countermeasures.

Abstract: A redundancy system in a fault tolerant computer comprises a multiple core processor which may support a real time operating system. The multiple core machine may be actual or virtual. Multiple identical instructions, e.g., three instructions, are executed redundantly so that the redundancy system can detect and recover from a single event upset (SEU). The instructions are also displaced in time. In one form, two non-consecutive instructions are run on one core which is virtualized into two cores. Alternatively, a second actual core may provide symmetric processing. The system prevents single event functional interrupts (SEFIs) from hanging up the processor. Each core may run a separate operating system. When a first core hangs up a first operating system, the second operating system takes over operation and the processor recovers. Embedded routines may store selected data variables in memory for later recovery and perform an SEFI “self-test” routine.

Abstract: In a surface inspection system for detecting particles on a surface, a light source mounted to illuminate the surface provides multiple wavelength ranges of electromagnetic radiation. An optical detector produces an image of the surface. An optical signal is produced indicative of returned electromagnetic radiation at each of a plurality of the multiple wavelength ranges from a field of view on the surface. A processor operating on the optical signals resolves presence of a contaminant as a function of the optical signals, and produces a contaminant signal responsive to presence of a contaminant. A heating means positioned to evolve contaminants from the surface is responsively coupled to be activated in response to a contaminant signal. The multiple wavelength ranges comprise ultraviolet, visible, and infrared wavelengths. The processor comprises means to perform false color contrast stretching.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting and determining a source azimuth for gamma radiation includes at least two scintillation crystals at angular offsets and directed toward a common plane of detection, photodetectors adjacent to each of the scintillation crystals for converting the light response of the scintillation crystals into distinct electrical signals, and a digital processing system configured to analyze spectral data from each electrical signal produced for each crystal. The digital processing system monitors a finite number of spectral windows corresponding to a selected set of radioisotopes, and uses one or more of the electrical signals to determine a signal intensity and a likely source azimuth for a detected radioisotope in the plane of detection. Another scintillation crystal directed outside of the common plane of detection may be used for three-dimensional detection. Related methods for detection and location of gamma ray sources are discussed.

Abstract: A composition for radiation shielding or range of compositions which compositions may be used for a variety of radiation shielding applications. With proper adhesive selection and processing, the construction forms an integral bond with the craft as compatible adhesives form strong bonds. This eliminates the potential for delaminating associated with the use of metallic layered shielding. While prior art protects electronics with a direct coating to electronic packages, this approach allows larger equipment systems, such as optics, or spectrometers, to be shielded.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing multiple layer encrypted Internet, Intranet, or e-mail communication device communications. In particular, the process of encrypting Internet, Intranet, or e-mail messages with encryption algorithms embedded in integrated circuits incorporated into the communication device, with access to the encrypting circuit requiring a validation of a randomly generated cypher key and an user defined password.

Abstract: A new method for the detection and correction of environmentally induced functional interrupts (or “hangs”) induced in computers or microprocessors caused by external sources of single event upsets (SEU) which propagate into the internal control functions, or circuits, of the microprocessor. This method is named Hardened Core (or H-Core) and is based upon the addition of an environmentally hardened circuit added into the computer system and connected to the microprocessor to provide monitoring and interrupt or reset to the microprocessor when a functional interrupt occurs. The Hardened Core method can be combined with another method for the detection and correction of single bit errors or faults induced in a computer or microprocessor caused by external sources SEUs.