Abstract: Redundancy ring communication apparatus having a plurality of communication channels, that comprises normally used and redundant amplifier channels that are interconnected using selectively controllable switches. Pairs of amplifier channels may be selectively coupled together using controllable switches and hybrid couplers.

Abstract: Microcapsules prepared by encapsulating an aqueous solution of a protein, drug or other bioactive substance inside a semi-permeable membrane by are disclosed. The microcapsules are formed by interfacial coacervation under conditions where the shear forces are limited to 0-100 dynes/cm2 at the interface. By placing the microcapsules in a high osmotic dewatering solution, the protein solution is gradually made saturated and then supersaturated, and the controlled nucleation and crystallization of the protein is achieved. The crystal-filled microcapsules prepared by this method can be conveniently harvested and stored while keeping the encapsulated crystals in essentially pristine condition due to the rugged, protective membrane. Because the membrane components themselves are x-ray transparent, large crystal-containing microcapsules can be individually selected, mounted in x-ray capillary tubes and subjected to high energy x-ray diffraction studies to determine the 3-D structure of the protein molecules.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a method and an arrangement for optical information transmission via satellites by means of broadband optical modulation and reception technology. As a rule, the arrangement is realized in optical satellite terminals, which have optical units, a laser unit, control and supply as well as monitoring units. In the exemplary embodiment, these terminals are designed for a data rate of 1.5 Gbit/s and a transmission distance of more than 1,200 km, while having a weight of less than 8 kg.

Abstract: A ceramic resonator element having high Q, high dielectric constant, and a low temperature coefficient of resonant frequency is enclosed within a cavity to form a composite microwave resonator having reduced dimensions and weight as compared to a simple cavity resonator. In an exemplary embodiment, a pair of tuning screws extend into the cavity along orthogonal axes to tune the structure to resonance along these axes at frequencies near the fundamental resonance of the ceramic element. Several such cavities can be formed in a short length of waveguide by the use of transverse partitions at spaced intervals and coupling between cavities can be accomplished by using simple slot, cross or circular irises. In each cavity, a mode-perturbing screw is positioned along an axis 45° from each of the orthogonal tuning screws, such that resonance along either of the orthogonal axes is coupled to excite resonance also along the other.

Abstract: There is provided a method and system for simultaneous north-south stationkeeping and 3-axis momentum management for a geosynchronous orbiting spacecraft. The spacecraft has a first thruster, a second thruster, and at least three momentum wheels mounted on-board the spacecraft. The first and second thrusters are mounted adjacent to a north and a south face of the spacecraft, respectively, on an anti-earth side of the spacecraft and are aligned to produce thrust vectors slightly off from the spacecraft's center of mass. The first and second thrusters are independently fired at predetermined positions along the geosynchronous orbital path of the spacecraft. The thrust vectors provide attitude and orbital adjustment needed to correct north-south orbital position deviation and provide torque needed to desaturate the stored angular momentum of the momentum wheels.

Abstract: An interconnect, having some length, that reliably connects two conductors separated by the length of the interconnect when the connection is made but in which one length if unstressed would change relative to the other in operation. The interconnect comprises a base element an intermediate element and a top element. Each element is rectangular and formed of a conducting material and has opposed ends. The elements are arranged in a generally Z-shape with the base element having one end adapted to be connected to one conductor. The top element has one end adapted to be connected to another conductor and the intermediate element has its ends disposed against the other end of the base and the top element. Brazes mechanically and electrically interconnect the intermediate element to the base and the top elements proximate the corresponding ends of the elements.

Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) plasma thruster for use in electric propulsion for spacecraft. The thruster operates by heating plasma in a magnetic field, which then flows out along magnetic field lines, producing axial thrust. The present invention greatly increases the efficiency of the RF plasma thruster compared to previous thrusters of this type, while retaining the advantages of RF plasma thrusters over other types of electric and chemical propulsion systems. The present invention utilizes a lower hybrid wave for heating of the electrons, rather than electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) heating. The lower hybrid wave is used because it creates high-density plasmas and the antennas used to couple RF energy to the plasma are relatively simple to construct. This allows much better efficiency because no hot electron population is created to siphon off much of the RF power applied to the plasma.

Abstract: A diode for sensing hydrogen and hydrocarbons and the process for manufacturing the diode are disclosed. The diode is a Schottky diode which has a palladium chrome contact on the C-face of an n-type 6H Silicon carbide epilayer. The epilayer is grown on the C-face of a 6H silicon carbide substrate. The diode is capable of measuring low concentrations of hydrogen and hydrocarbons at high temperatures, for example, 800° C. The diode is both sensitive and stable at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: Based on a shape of gores of the Natural-Shaped Balloon, side edge parts of gores having a large width and a large length are connected to load tapes of a length equal to a circumferential length of a side edge part of the gores of the Natural-Shaped Balloon, in a state that wrinkles are formed uniformly and shortened on the side edge parts of the gores. As these gores are swollen out from between the load tapes from the beginning, the radius of curvature of the gores becomes small and the tension against the internal pressure of gas within a gas bag becomes small, so that higher pressure resistance is obtained. Further, a manufacturing method of the present invention is for connecting the side edge parts of the gores with the load tapes while shortening the length of the side edge parts. Thus, it is possible to efficiently manufacture this super-pressure balloon.

Abstract: A joint in a space vehicle to hold together a first part of the vehicle and a second part of the vehicle that can be separated from the first part, in which the joint includes a first flange member (1) attached to the first part of the vehicle and a second flange member (2) attached to the second part of the vehicle. A number of clamps (4) equipped with two clamping lips (5, 6) are distributed around the perimeter of the flange members (1, 2) that transfer radial force from a tensioning means (7), arranged around the clamps (4), to both of the flange members (1, 2) in order to press these together, whereby rolling members (8) are arranged between at least one of the clamping lips (5, 6) of the respective clamps (4) and the adjacent first (1) or second (2) flange member.

Abstract: Apparatus and a method is presented for controlling yaw and roll excursions in a spacecraft having on-board components such as magnetic torquers, a roll thruster, momentum wheels, a wheel controller, an earth sensor, and a Digital Integrating Rate Assembly (DIRA). An observer module on the spacecraft receives inputs containing information comprising the unbiased roll error from the earth sensor, yaw momentum measured from the wheel speeds, and commanded yaw and pitch momentum output from the wheel controller, and produces therefrom output signals indicative of yaw estimate, yaw momentum estimate and torque disturbances estimate.

Abstract: A battery cell sleeve assembly includes a continuous cylindrical thermal sleeve extending between proximal and distal ends and has a plurality of substantially unidirectional longitudinally extending elongated heat conduction fibers having a thermal conductivity no less than that of aluminum embedded in an adhesive matrix. The thermal sleeve is received on the outer peripheral surface of a cylindrical battery cell and in a contiguous relationship with the battery cell. A cylindrical base member having an annular flange is attached to the thermal sleeve such that the distal ends of the heat conduction fibers are contiguous with the annular flange. With this construction, the annular flange operates as a heat shunt for drawing heat away from the thermal sleeve by conduction between the heat conduction fibers and the annular flange. In one embodiment, the heat conduction fibers are graphite and the thermal sleeve is between about 0.010 and 0.

Abstract: A portable arcade unit having a frame, a means for attaching a wheel means, a means for attaching a hitch means, and a detachable roof. The portable arcade unit may be disassembled for storage and transportation purposes and quickly rebuilt on-site to form an aesthetically pleasing building unit.

Abstract: A multi-mode broad band patch antenna is provided that allows for the same aperture to be used at independent frequencies such as reception at 19 GHz and transmission at 29 GHz. Furthermore, the multi-mode broadband patch antenna provides a ferroelectric film that allows for tuning capability of the multi-mode broadband patch antenna over a relatively large tuning range. The alternative use of a semiconductor substrate permits reduced control voltages since the semiconductor functions as a counter electrode.

Abstract: A method, simulation, and apparatus are provided that are highly suitable for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). A catheter is disclosed that includes a small diameter disk loaded monopole antenna surrounded by fusion material having a high heat of fusion and a melting point preferably at or near body temperature. Microwaves from the antenna heat prostatic tissue to promote necrosing of the prostatic tissue that relieves the pressure of the prostatic tissue against the urethra as the body reabsorbs the necrosed or dead tissue. The fusion material keeps the urethra cool by means of the heat of fusion of the fusion material. This prevents damage to the urethra while the prostatic tissue is necrosed. A computer simulation is provided that can be used to predict the resulting temperature profile produced in the prostatic tissue.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are provided for a microstrip feeder structure for supplying properly phased signals to each radiator element in a microstrip antenna array that may be utilized for radiating circularly polarized electromagnetic waves. In one disclosed embodiment, the microstrip feeder structure includes a plurality of microstrip sections many or all of which preferably have an electrical length substantially equal to one-quarter wavelength at the antenna operating frequency. The feeder structure provides a low loss feed structure that may be duplicated multiple times through a set of rotations and translations to provide a radiating array of the desired size.

Abstract: An assembly for supporting a fiber optic termination or connector in a centrifuge and comprising a cylindrical body member having a top portion adapted to receive the ferrule body portion of a fiber optic termination or connector and a bottom portion for receiving a cylindrical piston/sealing unit. The piston portion of the piston/sealing unit includes a compressible tip which is adapted to a butt up against the outer end of the ferrule body portion of the fiber optic termination or connector. A cylindrical end cap fits over the upper end of the body member for holding the fiber optic termination in place on the body member and causing a seal to be formed between the termination or connector and the upper portion of the body member adjacent the compressible tip of the plunger. The parts, when fitted together, are placed in a centrifuge which is operated for a predetermined spin cycle, so as to cause any bubbles in the uncured liquid adhesive to be vented outwardly from the termination through the end cap.

Abstract: Polyimide copolymers were obtained containing 1,3-bis(3-aminophenoxy)benzene (APB) and other diamines and dianhydrides and terminating with the appropriate amount of reactive endcapper. The reactive endcappers studied include but should not be limited to 4-phenylethynyl phthalic anhydride (PEPA), 3-aminophenoxy-4′-phenylethynylbenzophenone (3-APEB), maleic anhydride (MA) and nadic anhydride (5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride, NA). Homopolymers containing only other diamines and dianhydrides which are not processable under conditions described previously can be made processable by incorporating various amounts of APB, depending on the chemical structures of the diamines and dianhydrides used. By simply changing the ratio of APB to the other diamine in the polyimide backbone, a material with a unique combination of solubility, Tg, Tm, melt viscosity, toughness and elevated temperature mechanical properties can be prepared.

Abstract: A thermal harness comprising one or more tows of braided or bundled thermally conductive fiber extending from each of a plurality of heat generating devices to one or more heat dissipating devices. The harness may include an encapsulating membrane to contain the multiple tows. At each end or node of the tows, they are fanned out and splayed onto a patch of nonoutgassing polymer matrix material. A second piece of nonoutgassing polymer matrix material may be used to encapsulate the splayed tows at each node. The nonoutgassing polymer matrix material comprises high conductivity, small diameter fibers thermally coupled to the splayed tows of fiber and to the heat generating and heat dissipating devices. The node may be attached to the heat generating and dissipating devices using an adhesive or pyrolytic graphite flakes disposed between the polymer matrix material and the heat generating and dissipating devices.

Abstract: An apparatus for effecting data transfer between data systems comprising a first transceiver and a second transceiver. The first transceiver has an input for receiving digital data from one of the data systems, an output for serially outputting digital data to the one of the data systems, at least one transmitter for converting digital data received at the input into optical signals, and at least one receiver for receiving optical signals and serially converting the received optical signals to digital data for output to the data output.