Abstract: A computer-implemented method is disclosed for optimizing one or more sub-resolution assist features for use in a photolithographic process. The method may include incorporating a sub-resolution assist feature within a virtual photomask. The virtual photomask may then be modeled to produce a virtual print. One or more intensity values corresponding to the sub-resolution assist feature may be collected from the virtual print. Based on the one or more intensity values, a probability of having been printed may by assigned to the sub-resolution assist feature. In an iterative process, the probability may be used to optimize at least one of a location and size of the sub-resolution assist feature.

Abstract: A novel switching device is provided with an active region arranged between first and second electrodes and including a molecular system and ionic complexes distributed in the system. A control electrode is provided for controlling an electric field applied to the active region, which switches between a high-impedance state and a low-impedance state when the electrical field having a predetermined polarity and intensity is applied for a predetermined time.