Abstract: An apparatus for emulating, testing, interrogating, debugging, and programming an integrated circuit is provided. The apparatus has a boundary scan adapter in association with a host computer for accepting a control signal from the host computer, and for generating an intermediate signal for acceptance by the integrated circuit which intermediate signal is compliant with the specifications of the integrated circuit. Also, the apparatus has an interface associated with the integrated circuit for accepting the intermediate signal from the boundary scan adapter. The control signal from the host computer has a magnitude greater than the magnitude of the intermediate signal which intermediate signal is specific to and compliant with the operation of the integrated circuit.