Abstract: An integrated circuit having first and second N-type epitaxial layers grown over a P-type silicon substrate includes PN junction isolated pockets. In at least one pocket is a small signal device, namely an I.sup.2 L transistor. In an adjacent pocket is a vertical NPN power transistor wherein the base is a P-type buried layer extending upward out of an N-type buried layer, both of which are grown from the substrate surface. The upward diffusion of the base region is substantially terminated at the interface between the epitaxial layers and thus the base width and charge are precisely controllable. Connected in the up-beta power transistor mode, the gain is precisely controllable independent of process variations made to control small signal devices. In the down-beta mode and connected as a diode with base and collector shorted, an excellent clamp diode is made producing an unusually low parasite current in the substrate.

Abstract: A current mirror amplifier including three or more tandem stages has a photo diode connected, as usual, with one end at the input of the first stage, but with the other end at the input of a third or later stage, which third or later stage is made up of transistors of the same polarity type (NPN) as make up the first stage. Consequently a very low reverse bias is advantageously applied to the photo diode and the linearity and stability of the resulting photo electric device is enhanced with respect to changing input light levels and with respect to variations in DC supply voltage.

Abstract: An electrolytic capacitor contains an electrolyte solvent system in which one component is an acceptor in hydrogen bonding while the other component is one that can function both as acceptor and donor in hydrogen bonding. The solute or solutes present must not interact with either solvent component. When the above conditions are met, the result is an electrolyte whose resistivity curve passes through a minimum.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes provision for connecting to a discrete capacitor, a charger current-mirror circuit for charging the capacitor and a discharger current-mirror circuit for discharging the capacitor. A constant current source is alternately switched to the input branches, respectively, of the charger and discharger circuits. The discharger circuit is made up of an output transistor and an input diode, the latter being connected into the circuit by means of an external link that may be in place to generate a triangle waveform or removed to generate a sawtooth waveform.

Abstract: An AC metallized film capacitor having a plurality of electrodes separated by a dielectric spacer contains a dielectric fluid and 2 to 10% of .alpha.-naphthyl isocyanate as impregnant system to scavenge moisture and to improve capacitance retention.

Abstract: The foil extensions of each foil of an extended-foil capacitor section are joined together in terminal clamps that are secured in an insulating base of a capacitor case by terminal members that extend through the base.

Abstract: Two wound-metallized-polypropylene capacitor sections of circular-cylindrical dimensions are housed in an oval metal can. One section forms a single capacitor. One metal film electrode of the other section is opened or interrupted in a middle position of the winding, and the uniterrupted other film electrode is terminated at the bottom end of this other section while the two interrupted inner and outer winding films are separately terminated at the top end. The bottom of both sections are connected together and to a feed through terminal in the housing wall. The above said outer film is connected via a conductive strap to the top termination of the one section and a second housing terminal while the inner film is connected only to a third housing terminal. In this way, an optimally dense oval package provides two capacitors at the package terminals that may have a ratio of values ranging from 3 to 12, ideally suited for use in air conditioners.

Abstract: A magnet is bonded to a skewed-hysteresis Hall switch in such a position that the magnetic flux, normal to the Hall element, is equal to the average of the magnetic flux required to operate and the magnetic flux required to release the Hall switch. This magnet-Hall-switch assembly is made by initially employing a magnet of much greater strength than needed. The Hall switch is energized and subjected to an oscillating field of zero average value. The on-time to off-time ratio of the magnet-Hall-switch assembly is measured. A demagnetizing field is adjusted to a strength that is directly related to the difference between unity and the Hall switch on-to-off time, and the magnet is then subjected to the adjusted demagnetizing field. These steps are repeated several times. The magnet is thus partially demagnetized to import to the magnet-biased Hall switch a symmetrical hysteresis characteristic.

Abstract: In a silicon integrated circuit there is formed a silicon photo-diode connected to the input of a multiple stage current-mirror amplifier. The output branch of the amplifier is connected between the two power supply terminals. When voltage is applied to the two power supply terminals the current that flows is the sum of the currents in each branch of the three stage amplifier. Since each branch current is proportional to the current "generated" by the photo-diode, the total power supply current is proportional to the ambient light intensity. Thus a small two terminal photo-conductor type sensor is made that exhibits an unusually high sensitivity that is stable with temperature.

Abstract: In an integrated process for the anodization of aluminum foil for electrolytic capacitors including the formation of a hydrous oxide layer on the foil and stabilization of the foil in alkaline borax baths, the foil is electrochemically anodized in an aqueous solution of monosodium phosphate having a pH of 3.5 to 5.0 as electrolyte. The anodization is interrupted for stabilization of the foil by passing it through a bath containing a borax solution having a pH of 8.5 to 9.5 at a temperature of above 80.degree. C., and then reanodizing the foil. The process is useful in anodizing foil to a voltage of up to 550 V.

Abstract: Aluminum electrolytic capacitor foil is stabilized by passing the foil from an anodization step through a bath containing an aqueous borate solution at a temperature of at least 80.degree. C. and a pH of 8.5 to 9.5. After stabilization, the foil is reanodized.

Abstract: A ceramic PTCR slug has glass-bonded-aluminum layers bonded to the major opposite surfaces. Patches of silver film are bonded to selected regions of the glass-aluminum layers and stainless steel contacts are spring loaded against the silver patches. The stainless steel contacts provide good thermal isolation to the slug. The low cost contacts are complemented by the minumum use of silver in the electrode. The package provides long life under relatively heavy duty service.

Abstract: In the AC etching of aluminum foil in a hydrochloric acid electrolyte containing at least one additive, the presence of 200 to 500 ppm sulfate permits etching thicker foil for higher voltage use than is possible without the sulfate. The additive is chosen from phosphoric, nitric, and tartaric acids or salts. The presence of the relatively small amount of sulfate yields a foil with higher capacitance and generally allows lower temperatures and frequencies to be used.

Abstract: An aluminum or tantalum electrolytic capacitor contains an electrolyte system utilizing 3-methoxypropionitrile as solvent. This system includes a stable solute chosen from amine-glycol-borates, condensed phosphates, and complex boro-phenolates to provide a system having a room-temperature resistivity of up to 1000 ohm-cm.

Abstract: A power factor controller for a motor is of the type having a bidirectional triode thyristor and a circuit for sensing the voltage across the thyristor to determine the time by which the current lags the line voltage and for generating a signal voltage across an integrating capacitor that is inversely proportional to the current lag time. In addition, a voltage ramp generator produces a ramp voltage having a slope that increases as the lag time decreases. A sum of the signal voltage and ramp voltage is applied to the input of a threshold detector that triggers firing of the thyristor when a predetermined threshold is reached. The entire controller employs only five integrated switches or gates and two individual transistors, and power dissipation, size and cost are thereby minimized.

Abstract: A silicon integrated circuit having PN junction isolated components is designed omitting any straight metallic low-ohmic connection between a component-containing epitaxial pocket and the Vcc pad. All such ohmic connections include a dielectrically isolated polysilicon resistor to moderate reverse supply currents from these pockets to substrate. A special epitaxial pocket is ohmically connected through a fuse link to the Vcc pad to drain off any static charge that may accumulate at the Vcc pad during manufacture and assembly. After assembly, the fuse link blows when the supply is reversed, preventing all but a momentary burst of high current from the special pocket to the substrate.

Abstract: An activator composition paste includes a homogeneous dispersion of a palladium and commensurate amounts of silicon and of zinc. A screen printed layer of this paste is applied to a ceramic capacitor body to form electrodes, terminations or both. The body is heated to 615.degree. C. and subsequently electroless nickel plated providing excellent electrical and mechanical connection of the plated nickel to the ceramic.

Abstract: Tantalum powder for electrolytic capacitors is treated with a non-aqueous solution of ammonium thiocyanate in N,N'-dimethylformamide or N-methylpyrrolidinone after the powder has been subjected to a thermal treatment in the absence of oxygen step and before the powder is exposed to an oxygen-containing fluid to prevent oxygen uptake by the powder. The thermal treatment step is carried out at 700.degree. C. and above.

Abstract: Formulations for a variety of air sintered ceramic barrier layer capacitors are provided wherein from 0.3 to 1.7 mole % of donor material is added to a strontium titanate and the relative amounts of strontium and titanium have been adjusted so that large-small cation balance and charge balance may be achieved by strontium vacancies, e.g. ##EQU1## These low cost materials have large grains and exhibit high dielectric constants.

Abstract: Aluminum foil, particularly for electrolytic capacitors, is degreased and deoxidized before processing by contacting the foil with a solution containing phosphoric acid and a nonionic surfactant. An agent corrosive to aluminum may be present. Contacting time is 20 to 240 seconds, and the temperature is 45.degree. to 85.degree. C. Preferably, 1.0-7.0 M phosphoric acid is used with 2 g/l of the nonionic surfactant and 1.0-3.0 g/l of corrosive agent.