Abstract: An intravascular data analysis system to assess a blood vessel includes: an interface system configured to receive intravascular pressure data including a plurality of distal pressure (Pd) values measured by an intravascular data collection probe and a plurality of proximal pressure (Pa) values; a display system; one or more memory storage devices includes instructions; and a processor in communication with the interface system, the display system, and the one or more memory storage devices. The processor is configured to execute the instructions to: determine a plurality of Pd/Pa ratios based on the plurality of distal pressure (Pd) values and the plurality of proximal pressure (Pa) values, filter the plurality of Pd/Pa ratios using a filter having a time constant TC in a range of 1% to 50% of a heart cycle length, and control the display system to generate a plot based on the plurality of Pd/Pa ratios.

Abstract: A method of determining one or more diagnostic metrics to assess a blood vessel using intravascular data includes: sampling a sensor of an intravascular data collection probe disposed in the blood vessel during a pullback of the intravascular data collection probe through the blood vessel to obtain sampled distal pressure (Pd) values; receiving, at an intravascular data processing system, the sampled distal pressure (Pd) values and proximal pressure (Pa) values; determining sets of Pd/Pa ratios, each set including Pd/Pa ratios that are determined through an entirety of one heart cycle; determining minimum Pd/Pa ratios, each of which is a minimum within one of the sets of Pd/Pa ratios over the entirety of the corresponding heart cycle; and controlling a display system to generate a plot of a moving average of the minimum Pd/Pa ratios over time during the pullback.

Abstract: A measurement system includes: a sensor wire comprising an insertable portion configured to be inserted in a blood vessel of a patient's body; a sensor disposed at the insertable portion at a distal end of the sensor wire, wherein the sensor is configured to provide an output indicative of a temperature in the blood vessel of the patient's body, when inserted inside the blood vessel of the patient's body; and a transceiver unit configured to transfer information related to the output of the sensor to an external communication module using a frequency hopping technique. The transceiver unit comprises a housing adapted to be connected to a proximal end of the sensor wire and configured to remain external to the patient's body.

Abstract: In part, the disclosure relates to computer-based methods, devices, and systems suitable for performing intravascular data analysis and measurement of various types of data such as pressure and flow data. The disclosure relates to probes and methods suitable for determining an event in a cardiac cycle such as flow threshold such as a peak flow, a fraction thereof, other intravascular parameters or a point in time during which peak flow or a change in one of the perimeters occurs. An exemplary probe includes one or more of a pressure sensor, a resistor, a flow sensor and can be used to generate diagnostic data based upon measured intravascular and other parameters. In part, the disclosure relates to methods and systems suitable for determining a coronary flow reserve value in response to one or more of intravascular pressure and flow data or data otherwise correlated therewith.

Abstract: In part, the disclosure relates to computer-based methods, devices, and systems suitable for performing intravascular data analysis and measurement of various types of data such as pressure and flow data. The disclosure relates to probes and methods suitable for determining an event in a cardiac cycle such as flow threshold such as a peak flow, a fraction thereof, other intravascular parameters or a point in time during which peak flow or a change in one of the parameters occurs. An exemplary probe includes one or more of a pressure sensor, a resistor, a flow sensor and can be used to generate diagnostic data based upon measured intravascular and other parameters. In part, the disclosure relates to methods and systems suitable for determining a coronary flow reserve value in response to one or more of intravascular pressure and flow data or data otherwise correlated therewith.

Abstract: A sensor guide wire includes a sensor element arranged in a jacket in a sensor region of the sensor guide wire; a core wire extending at least partly along a length of the sensor guide wire; and at least one electrical lead connected to the sensor element. The jacket is tubular and includes proximal and distal end openings, a jacket wall, a first opening arranged in the jacket wall, and a second opening arranged in the jacket wall, the first and second openings being proximate to the sensor element. The core wire is adapted to extend through the jacket via the proximal and distal end openings. At least a portion of the first opening and at least a portion of the second opening are both located in the same cross-section of the sensor guide wire, the cross-section being perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the sensor guide wire.

Abstract: An eavesdropping arrangement for acquiring a measured physiological variable of an individual includes a receiver and a communication interface in a housing separate from the receiver. The communication interface is positioned along a communication link between a first sensor, which is configured to measure aortic blood pressure and to provide a signal representing measured aortic blood pressure, and a central monitoring device configured to monitor the measured aortic blood pressure. The communication interface includes a connection to the communication link that permits the communication interface to eavesdrop on the signal representing measured aortic blood pressure such that information representing measured aortic blood pressure is sent to the receiver while allowing the central monitoring device to receive and use the signal representing measured aortic blood pressure.

Abstract: A system includes: an aortic pressure sensor configured to measure aortic blood pressure of an individual; a distal sensor configured to measure a parameter in a blood vessel; a receiver configured to receive both (i) a signal representing the measured aortic blood pressure value, and (ii) a signal representing the parameter, the receiver comprising a display configured to display data that is based on at least the measured aortic blood pressure value and the measured parameter; and a communication interface configured to (i) receive a signal representing the measured aortic blood pressure value from the aortic pressure sensor via a wired connection, (ii) provide a signal representing the measured aortic blood pressure value to a monitoring device via a wired connection, and (iii) send a signal representing the measured aortic blood pressure value to the receiver via a wireless connection.

Abstract: A sensor guide wire for intravascular measurement of a physiological variable includes: a core wire extending at least partly along a length of the sensor guide wire; a sensor element in a sensor region of the sensor guide wire; a jacket having a jacket wall, the jacket being fixed relative to the core wire; and at least one lead connected to the sensor element. The jacket is tubular and includes a proximal end opening, a distal end opening, and a first set of openings extending through the jacket wall. The first set of openings extending through the jacket wall includes a first opening located above the sensor element, a second opening located at a first lateral side of the sensor element, and a third opening located at a second lateral side of the sensor element, and wherein the first, second, and third openings are elongated in a longitudinal direction of the jacket, and are aligned in a circumferential direction of the jacket.

Abstract: A method of determining one or more diagnostic metrics to assess a blood vessel using intravascular data includes: sampling a sensor of an intravascular data collection probe disposed in the blood vessel during a pullback of the intravascular data collection probe through the blood vessel to obtain sampled distal pressure (Pd) values; receiving, at an intravascular data processing system, the sampled distal pressure (Pd) values and proximal pressure (Pa) values; determining sets of Pd/Pa ratios, each set including Pd/Pa ratios that are determined through an entirety of one heart cycle; determining minimum Pd/Pa ratios, each of which is a minimum within one of the sets of Pd/Pa ratios over the entirety of the corresponding heart cycle; and controlling a display system to generate a plot of a moving average of the minimum Pd/Pa ratios over time during the pullback.

Abstract: In part, the disclosure relates to computer-based methods, and systems suitable for evaluating a cardiac system using a diagnostic metric such as a pressure value-based ratio. Selection of a subset or portion of a cardiac cycle is avoided in one embodiment to increase reliability and usability of a diagnostic ratio and parameters described herein. In one embodiment, a minimum or a relative extrema of a series of diagnostic metrics plotted on a per cycle basis are used to inform diagnosis of a stenosis or other intravascular event or phenomena.

Abstract: A measurement system includes: a sensor wire comprising an insertable portion configured to be inserted in a blood vessel of a patient's body; a sensor disposed at the insertable portion at a distal end of the sensor wire, wherein the sensor is configured to provide an output indicative of a temperature in the blood vessel of the patient's body, when inserted inside the blood vessel of the patient's body; and a transceiver unit configured to transfer information related to the output of the sensor to an external communication module using a frequency hopping technique. The transceiver unit comprises a housing adapted to be connected to a proximal end of the sensor wire and configured to remain external to the patient's body.

Abstract: A blood pressure measurement system comprising a pressure sensor guide wire comprising a pressure sensor located in a distal region of the pressure sensor guide wire that is configured to be inserted into a blood vessel of a human body and a transceiver unit communicatively coupled to the pressure sensor guide wire. The transceiver unit comprises a housing adapted to be used external to the human body, a sensor signal adapting circuitry configured to process pressure sensor values generated by the pressure sensor to create processed pressure sensor values, and a first transceiver configured to wirelessly transmit a signal representing the processed pressure sensor values using first, second, and third packets at first, second, and third frequencies.

Abstract: A pressure sensor configured for biological pressure measurement at a distal end portion of an elongated member comprises a dissolvable hydrophilic material coated on a surface of the pressure sensor. A guide wire for biological pressure measurement may include a tube extending along a longitudinal axis of the guide wire; and a pressure sensor for biological pressure measurement, at least a portion of the pressure sensor being mounted within the tube. The pressure sensor comprises a pressure sensor membrane facing a top side of the tube. A circumferential wall of the tube includes at least six openings: a first distal opening, a second distal opening located on a right side of the tube, a third distal opening located on a left side of the tube, a first proximal opening, a second proximal opening located on a right side of the tube, and a third proximal opening located on a left side of the tube.

Abstract: A guide wire for biological pressure measurement includes a tube extending along a longitudinal axis of the guide wire; and a pressure sensor for biological pressure measurement, at least a portion of the pressure sensor being mounted within the tube. The pressure sensor comprises a pressure sensor membrane facing a top side of the tube. A circumferential wall of the tube includes at least six openings: a first distal opening, a second distal opening located on a right side of the tube, a third distal opening located on a left side of the tube, a first proximal opening, a second proximal opening located on a right side of the tube, and a third proximal opening located on a left side of the tube. The first distal opening is larger than the second and third distal openings, and the first proximal opening is larger than the second and third proximal openings.

Abstract: A blood pressure measurement system comprising a pressure sensor guide wire comprising a pressure sensor located in a distal region of the pressure sensor guide wire that is configured to be inserted into a blood vessel of a human body and a transceiver unit communicatively coupled to the pressure sensor guide wire. The transceiver unit comprises a housing adapted to be used external to the human body, a sensor signal adapting circuitry configured to process pressure sensor values generated by the pressure sensor to create processed pressure sensor values, and a first transceiver configured to wirelessly transmit a signal representing the processed pressure sensor values using first, second, and third packets at first, second, and third frequencies.

Abstract: A guide wire configured for intravascular insertion includes a core wire having a flattened portion configured to allow the core wire to preferentially bend in at least one plane that passes through a longitudinal axis of the core wire. A distal most end of the flattened portion is spaced from a distal most end of the core wire. The guide wire may further include a sensor element configured to measure a physiological variable in a living body and a coil surrounding a portion of the core wire.

Abstract: A blood pressure measurement system comprises: a pressure sensor guide wire comprising a pressure sensor located in a distal region of the pressure sensor guide wire; a transceiver unit communicatively coupled to the pressure sensor guide wire, the transceiver unit comprising: a housing adapted to be used external to the human body, a sensor signal adapting circuitry configured to process a signal representing a pressure reading sensed by the pressure sensor to create a processed pressure reading, and a first Bluetooth transceiver configured to wirelessly transmit a signal representing the processed pressure reading; and a second Bluetooth transceiver configured to wirelessly receive the signal representing the processed pressure reading transmitted from the first Bluetooth transceiver, wherein the second Bluetooth transceiver is connected with a personal computer that is configured to display a value representing the processed pressure reading.

Abstract: A sensor guide wire for intravascular measurements of at least one physiological or other variable in a living body, comprising a proximal region, a distal sensor region, and a tip region, and at least one sensor element arranged in said sensor region and configured to measure the variable and to generate a sensor signal in response to the variable. The sensor guide wire further comprises a core wire, with a tip core wire portion, wherein at least part of the tip core wire portion comprises a shape memory material, and the composition of the shape memory material is such that the transformation temperature of the shape memory material is above the body temperature of the living body.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an extracorporeale interface unit (8), for an intravascular measurement system for measuring a physiological, or other, variable in a living body, being adapted to generate a sensor signal in response of said variable. The interface unit (8) comprises a sensor interface circuitry (6) adapted to interface a sensor wire configured to be inserted into the living body and provided with one or many sensor element(s) at its distal region. The sensor interface circuitry (6) further comprises a measurement unit (9) adapted to generate the measured data of the variable as a sensor signal. The sensor interface circuitry (6) comprises two current source units (CSU1, CSU2) adapted to energize the sensor element(s) via at least two connection points (CP1, CP2, . . . CPn), and a switching unit (10), wherein the switching unit (10) is adapted to alternately switch connection between the current source units (CSU1, CSU2) and at least two of the connection points (CP1, CP2, . . .