Abstract: A superheater has a pressure vessel containing upper and lower steam chambers for primary steam between which extends a nest of tubes arranged around a central volume. The volume between the nest of tubes and the pressure vessel is divided into lower and upper volumes by a wall which forces the secondary fluid to be superheated first to pass the nest of tubes radially inwardly into the central volume and thereafter radially outwardly. Primary steam is supplied to the upper steam chamber tangentially and flows under condensation through the tubes to the lower steam chamber where the condensate is discharged. Between the steam chambers a centrally located return conduit can be provided. The rotation of the steam within the upper steam chamber induces a pressure distribution with decreasing pressure from the periphery towards the center which pressure distribution is used for the recirculation of excess primary steam through the return conduit.

Abstract: To test a shutdown steam condenser for tube leakage, the pressure in the water boxes is reduced below atmospheric pressure while the steam casing is open to atmospheric pressure, and leakage of air into the boxes is used as an indication of the tube leakage. The leakage is preferably indicated with a soap bubble test by a workman inside the box. Although the entrance manholes to the water box are substantially sealed during testing, for safety protection one can be sealed with a U-tube water seal so that it will be broken automatically by an excessive underpressure.

Abstract: A nozzle or gas tuyere for injecting gaseous and/or liquid and/or powdered material into a metallic melt, for example a steel melt. The nozzle is arranged to be mounted in an opening in a wall of a melt container, for example a ladle or furnace. The nozzle comprises a body provided with a through-going channel extending through the wall. The part of the body facing the melt is provided with a stopper which closes the channel against ingress of the melt but which is removable into the melt by the pressure of the material injected into the channel. The channel is also provided with a ball which is insertable into the channel for preventing flow of melt through the nozzle when the stopper is removed into the melt.

Abstract: A gas-to-gas heat exchanger comprises a chamber through which pass upwardly at least one first tube for the passage of a first hot gaseous medium and at least one second tube for the passage of a second cooler gaseous medium. The first and second tubes are disposed in spaced-apart relationship and a fluidized bed of particulate material, for example sand, is created in the chamber in the spaces around the tubes, the fluidized bed serving as a heat transfer medium from the first tube(s) to the second tube(s). The heat exchanger, which is particularly suitable for preheating air by heat exchange with a hot, dust-laden gas, may comprise a plurality of the chambers disposed one above the other.

Abstract: A fluidizable bed apparatus comprises a container containing a bed of fluidizable particulate material which becomes hot in use. The apparatus is characterized in that it includes at least one passage for the flow of cooling medium therethrough arranged beneath a bottom wall of the container. The or each passage has communicating therewith at least one inlet, preferably arranged beneath the bottom wall, and at least one outlet, preferably arranged adjacent side walls of the container. Nozzles for supplying fluidizing medium to the container for fluidizing the bed are arranged to pass through the bottom wall of the container.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for recovering the heat energy content in furnace waste gases and for recovering much of the dust entrained therewith includes a hollow duct through which the waste gases pass, and which contains first and second tube bundles arranged one after the other and a dust collection surface therebetween. The heat content in the waste gases is transferred to water passing through the two tube bundles and dust is deposited on the dust collection surface.

Abstract: Apparatus for the cooling and distribution of dust-containing gas in a bed containing a powdered or granular material mixture with structure for blowing gas under pressure into the powdered material to obtain a so-called fluidized bed with the powdered material kept in flotation. The gas blowing structure includes straight, horizontally positioned distributing tubes located at the lower portion of the bed. A plurality of tubes may be provided for drawing water through the bed with the powdered material arranged around the tubes.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for transmitting heat between gaseous media includes at least two chambers each partially filled with a solid transmitting medium in the form of pellets, granules or sand. A cold gaseous medium is injected through a first conduit into the bottom of a first of the chambers, and a hot gaseous medium is injected through a second conduit into the bottom of a second of the chambers, both media being injected at a rate for effecting fluidized beds of the transmitting media in the chambers. The chambers intercommunicate with one another via passageways extending from the first conduit so that transmitting media is transported from the first to the second chamber and from the second to the first chamber respectively by the first and second gaseous media to thereby effect an increase in temperature of the hot gaseous medium while passing through the transmitting media.

Abstract: The spaced apart elongated supporting members for the various tubular coils of a heat exchanger include vertically spaced apart openings in a wall portion thereof which faces an associated supporting member, the tubular coil being fitted to extend through the openings and thus be supported by the supporting members. A pair of such members, together with the supported tubular coil, comprise a heat exchange section, the entire heat exchanger including a multiplicity of such sections. Each individual section can be separately disconnected and removed from the heat exchanger if a leak develops in the supported tubular coil in a fast and efficient manner.

Abstract: An intermediate steam superheater includes a heat exchanger comprising a bundle of tubes supplied with steam and subject to the disadvantage that the steam may condense completely in some of the tubes while passing freely through others of the tubes with a consequent loss of heating efficiency. This is corrected by sucking the steam from the outlet ends of the tubes and injecting it into the inlet ends of the tubes so that such a high flow rate occurs through the tubes that the tubes are kept substantially free from condensate while the steam is continuously recirculated through all of the tubes, the condensate from the condensed portion of the steam being discharged from the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A plurality of mutually parallel finned tubes forming a heat exchanger are positioned so closely together that the peripheries of mutually oppositely extending segments of the tube's respective fins are not substantially interspaced. To support the finned tubes, one or more groups of those segments are shortened to form transverse passages through which tube support members are passed transversely with respect to the tubes.

Abstract: The apparatus comprises a test tube having substantially the same composition as the heat-exchanger tube suspected as fouling internally. A pressure chamber encloses this test tube and forms a space around the test tube and isolated from external influences. This pressure chamber has means for filling the space around the test tube with a vapor that condenses to liquid on the outside of the test tube, the pressure in the pressure chamber being dependent on whether or not or the degree the vapor condenses to liquid on the test tube. Means are provided for measuring the fluid pressure on the inside of the pressure chamber, this means providing a measure of the heat exchange between the vapor and any medium flowing inside of the test tube.

Abstract: Condenser for a gaseous media such as steam, comprising a plurality of longitudinal tubes, generally several thousands, through which a coolant passes. Steam is passed around these tubes, and the tubes are braced at selected locations in longitudinal direction by means of brace plates or the like, and the steam is passed from the periphery of the heat exchanger and toward the interior thereof during condensaton. The condenser comprises a casing or shell and one or more nests of tubes and means for circulating steam around the entire or greater part of the periphery, and within each tube nest, an air-cooler device is placed centrally or substantially centrally, which air-cooler extends along the entire length of the tube nest. The brace plates are provided with flow channels effective to distribute the gaseous media about the condenser in response to fluctuation in condensing capacity along the tube nests.