Abstract: To provide an electro-optical apparatus suitably usable as a reflective display apparatus with excellent visibility. A first substrate having a first electrode on one surface side, a second substrate having a second electrode on one surface side and arranged opposing the first substrate, an electrolyte layer having material used for electrolytic deposition and disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode are included. Each of the first electrode and the second electrode has a concave-convex configuration on one surface side that is in contact with the electrolyte layer. Surface roughness Ra of one side of the first electrode is 0.4 ?m or more, and surface roughness Ra of one surface side of the second electrode is 0.02 ?m or more and relatively smaller than the surface roughness of the first electrode.

Abstract: Provided is a semiconductor multilayer film reflecting mirror formed by alternately repeating a first nitride film containing In (indium) and a second nitride film not containing In. The reflecting mirror includes an inter-film transition layer between the first and second nitride films, the composition of which is varied from the composition of the first nitride film to the composition of the second nitride film. The inter-film transition layer has a first transition layer formed on the first nitride film and containing In and Al (aluminum), and a second transition layer formed on the first transition layer and containing Al but not containing In. In the first transition layer, the percentages of In and Al are decreased from the first nitride film to the second transition layer, and the percentage of In in the first transition layer starts to decrease at a same or closer position to the first nitride film than the percentage of Al.

Abstract: A lighting tool for a vehicle includes a first condensing optical system configured to condense a first beam at a first condensing magnification, a second condensing optical system configured to condense a second beam at a second condensing magnification, and a projection optical system configured to project the first beam and the second beam forward, wherein each of a condensing point of the first beam condensed by the first condensing optical system and a condensing point of the second beam condensed by the second condensing optical system are adjusted according to a rear-side focus of the projection optical system.

Abstract: A lighting device for a vehicle includes a first lighting part arranged on a stationary body part of the vehicle, and a second lighting part arranged on a movable body part of the vehicle. A gap in a vehicle width direction is provided between the first lighting part and the second lighting part. The first lighting part includes a first reflector and the second lighting part includes a second reflector. The first reflector is located forward of the second reflector in a vehicle forward-rearward direction, and the gap is rearward of the first reflector in the vehicle forward-rearward direction. The second reflector is inclined toward one of the first reflector and the gap.

Abstract: A lighting tool for a vehicle that radiates light from a vehicle toward a road surface, the lighting tool for a vehicle including a light source device, a light modulation device that modulates light emitted from the light source device to form multi-gradation light including a high gradation part, a low gradation part and a zero gradation part, a projection unit that projects the multi-gradation light emitted from the light modulation device to the road surface as a light distribution pattern, and a control unit that controls the light source device and the light modulation device, wherein the light modulation device forms a drawing pattern as the high gradation part which is surrounded by the low gradation part in the light distribution pattern.

Abstract: A light deflector 1 includes a reflector (2), inner piezoelectric actuators (4), an inner frame (5), outer piezoelectric actuators (6), and an outer frame (7). The reflector (2) is oscillated about a first axis Ua and a second axis Ub by the inner piezoelectric actuators (4) and the outer piezoelectric actuators (6), respectively. Formed on the rear surface of the light deflector 1 is a projecting rib (52), which projects from an encircling rib (51) of the inner frame (5) and reaches a corner portion (36) of a distal end portion of a piezoelectric cantilever (13a). A vertical side (22b) has an outer recess (35). The outer recess (35) extends along the projecting rib (52) in a portion of the distal end side of the piezoelectric cantilever (13a).

Abstract: A vehicular light is provided which is capable of forming an emission pattern with a good appearance at the time of lighting. The vehicular light has a light guide body having a light guide portion and a slit that penetrates the light guide portion in its thickness direction and linearly extend along a light guide path of light rays emitted from a plurality of LED light sources and guided within the light guide portion. The slit is composed of three regions including a constant width region formed in a predetermined length range toward the distal end, a tapered width region gradually narrowing toward the distal end, and a distal end region having a distal end of a curved surface shape formed in the distal end portion of the tapered width region.

Abstract: A strobe apparatus includes: a light-emitting semiconductor module; a current sense resistor connected in series to the light-emitting semiconductor module and adapted to sense a drive current flowing through the light-emitting semiconductor module to generate a sense voltage; a step-up voltage converter connected to the light-emitting semiconductor module and the current resistor and adapted to supply the drive current to the light-emitting semiconductor module and the current resistor; and a voltage converter controlling unit connected to the step-up voltage converter and the current sense resistor, and adapted to control the step-up voltage converter in accordance with a difference between the sense voltage and an input voltage, so that the drive current has a first level current followed by a second level current larger than the first level current.

Abstract: Provided is a lighting control device capable of reducing the lighting delay when a light source is turned on/off in accordance with the bank angle of a vehicle. The lighting control device which controls the lighting state of the light source sets the time period required for turning on the light source to be shorter as the vehicle speed is higher when the inclination angle of a vehicle body in the vehicle width direction is larger than a reference value, and causes the light source to be fully turned on over the set time period. The lighting control device also sets the time period required for turning off the light source to be shorter as the vehicle speed is higher when the inclination angle of a vehicle body is smaller than a reference value, and causes the light source to be dimmed and turned off over the set time period.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus includes a laser source configured to emit a laser beam, a homogenizer optical element that includes a light flux dividing section disposed to face the laser source, configured to divide the laser beam into a plurality of separate laser beams in a plane and make advancing directions of the plurality of separate laser beams different from each other, and a light flux superimposing section formed integrally with the light flux dividing section and superimposing the plurality of separate laser beams on each other in a common radiation region, and a fluorescent material disposed to face the homogenizer optical element, excited by the plurality of separate laser beams superimposed in the radiation region using the light flux superimposing section so as to emit fluorescence.

Abstract: A vertical-cavity light-emitting element includes: a first reflector; a semiconductor structure layer including a first semiconductor layer, an active layer, a second semiconductor layer, and a third semiconductor layer that are sequentially provided on the first reflector; a transparent electrode on the third semiconductor layer; and a second reflector on the transparent electrode and interposes the structure layer with the first reflector. The third semiconductor layer has a mesa structure to protrude on the second semiconductor layer and be covered by the transparent electrode. The light emitting element further includes a current confining layer including: an insulating film provided in the second semiconductor layer to surround the mesa structure and be in contact with the transparent electrode, the insulating film being an oxide of the second semiconductor layer; and an insulating layer on the insulating film to surround the mesa structure and define a through opening.

Abstract: An electronic device capable of supplying a large current to a circuit pattern containing conductive nanoparticles includes a substrate, a region provided on the substrate, configured to mount an electronic component therein, a first circuit pattern placed within the region and electrically connected to the electronic component, a second circuit pattern connected to the first circuit pattern and configured to supply current to the first circuit pattern from outside of the region. At least a part of the first circuit pattern includes a layer obtained by sintering conductive nanosized particles with a diameter of less than 1 ?m. The second circuit pattern is thicker than the first circuit pattern.

Abstract: To improve the accuracy of the outgoing light intensity of the light emitting element by performing pulse width modulation. A control device for controlling a light emitting element by performing pulse width modulation includes a DC-DC converter for supplying voltage to the light emitting element, a setting unit that sets a control value for the pulse width modulation in the DC-DC converter, a detection unit that detects an actual value of an ON time period which is a period during which the current flowing through the light emitting element is relatively high, and a correction unit for correcting the control value set by the setting unit so as to reduce the difference between an expected value of the ON time period corresponding to the control value and the actual value of the ON time period detected by the detection unit.

Abstract: A liquid crystal element comprises: a first substrate and a second substrate disposed substantially in parallel to each other to face each other, an electrode and a homeotropic alignment film being disposed on each of facing surfaces of the first substrate and the second substrate; and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate and formed of a liquid crystal material having a negative dielectric-constant anisotropy, wherein a twisting angle of the liquid crystal layer when a voltage is applied between the electrode of the first substrate and the electrode of the second substrate is in a range from 70° to 120°.

Abstract: Provided is a group III nitride stacked body having an n-type AlXGa1-XN (0.5?X<1) layer formed on an AlN single crystal substrate while being lattice-matched to the AlN single crystal substrate wherein the n-type AlXGa1-XN (0.5?X<1) layer has at least a stacked structure in which a first n-type AlX1Ga1-X1N (0.5?X1<1) layer, a second n-type AlX2Ga1-X2N (0.5?X2<1) layer, and a third n-type AlX3Ga1-X3N (0.5?X3<1) layer are stacked in this order from the AlN single crystal substrate side, and X1, X2, and X3 indicating the Al compositions of the respective layers satisfy 0<|X1?X2|?0.1, and satisfy 0<|X2?X3|?0.1.

Abstract: The lamp fitting for a vehicle includes a plurality of laser light sources, and laser light from the plurality of laser light sources is introduced into a plurality of optical systems, and is used in the plurality of optical systems. The lamp fitting for a vehicle includes: a plurality of laser light sources; one or more optical fibers; one or more optical systems which are provided in conformity with the one or more optical fibers and to which a corresponding emission end of the optical fiber among the one or more optical fibers is connected; and a plurality of optical elements which are disposed between the laser light sources and an incident end of the one or more optical fibers, and constitute an optical path guiding laser light from at least one of the laser light sources to the incident end of the one or more optical fibers.

Abstract: Provided is an electronic device capable of supplying large current to a circuit pattern, without employing a thick film structure for the circuit pattern. The electronic device includes a substrate, a wiring layer placed on the upper surface of the substrate, an electronic component mounted above the wiring layer, and a bonding layer placed between the electronic component and the wiring layer. The wiring layer and the bonding layer are porous layers containing pores. The bonding layer has higher volume density than the wiring layer except underneath the electronic component.

Abstract: A light-emitting device having light-emitting elements with high operation stability and light extraction efficiency is provided. The light-emitting device includes: a substrate; light-emitting elements aligned and arranged on the substrate in an arrangement direction; wavelength conversion layers each disposed on each of the light-emitting elements with a light-transmitting adhesive interposed therebetween, each of the wavelength conversion layers having an upper surface smaller than a bottom surface, and a side surface shape in which a length in a lateral direction parallel to the bottom surface and perpendicular to the arrangement direction decreases from the bottom surface toward the upper surface; a light-transmitting plate disposed over the wavelength conversion layers; and a reflective resin covering side surfaces of the light-emitting elements, the wavelength conversion layers, and the light-transmitting plate.

Abstract: A lens body includes a first lens portion and a second lens portion and is configured such that light from a light source exits through a first exit surface of the first lens portion after being partially blocked by a shade of the first lens portion, further exits through a second exit surface of the second lens portion, thereby forming a predetermined light distribution pattern by the shade, wherein the first exit surface is a surface for condensing the light from the light source that exits through the first exit surface with respect to a first direction and is configured as a semicircular cylinder surface, and the second exit surface is a surface for condensing the light from the light source that exits through the second exit surface with respect to a second direction orthogonal to the first direction and is also configured as a semicircular cylinder surface.

Abstract: A DRL unit as a vehicle signaling light can include: an LED light source; and a plate light guiding lens formed from a light guide plate. The light guide plate includes: a light guide plate main body having a light output surface; and a light entrance portion that is formed to be continuous with the light guide plate main body and includes a light incident surface opposite to the light source and upper and lower expanded portions. The upper and lower expanded portions are integrally formed with the light entrance portion on top and bottom surfaces of the light entrance portion so as to expand in the thickness direction of the light guide plate main body. Here, the upper and lower expanded portions can have asymmetric cross sections in the thickness direction and different sizes when seen in a top plan view.