Abstract: This invention aims to provide a white light emission diode arranged so that t rays emitted from an exciting element comprising a n-type semiconductor layer and a p-type semiconductor layer are converted by a wavelength converting element to white light which is then irradiated through molded resin. The white light emission diode offers a high color rendering effect desired for liquid crystal back light and minimizes deterioration of the molded resin to improve its light emission life characteristic. The wavelength converting element is provided on one surface of the exciting element and an insulating film is deposited on the other surface with interposition of a p-type ohmic electrode exhibiting a high reflectivity in UV wavelength band. The exciting element has its side surface covered with a n-type ohmic electrode exhibiting a high reflectivity in UV wavelength band.

Abstract: Here is disclosed a MI element made of thin film magnetic material utilizing a magnetic impedance effect comprising a substrate, first and second magnetic materials successively laminated on a surface of the substrate each in the form of thin film wherein the first magnetic material has its axis of easy magnetization Jm1 declined at an angle of &agr;° and the second magnetic material has its axis of easy magnetization Jm2 declined at an angle of −&agr;° with respect to a reference line Oo which is a direction corresponding to a path of high frequency current Iac so that the axes of easy magnetization of the first and second magnetic materials may intersect each other. Such MI element made of thin film magnetic material obtains linear magnetic field sensor characteristics exhibiting a remarkably large variation of impedance in response to a relatively low external magnetic field without any demand for bias magnetic field.

Abstract: A projection-type vehicle light includes a light source, a front lens that includes a plurality of aspherical lenses, and a reflector unit for directing reflected light rays incident to a corresponding aspherical lens. A plurality of elipse group reflector units can be used having a common first focus located round the light source, and a plurality of second foci respectively positioned between a focus of a corresponding aspherical lens and a front of the corresponding aspherical lens. The projection-type vehicle light provides a unique appearance with superior transparency of the front lens and a three dimensional feeling when viewed. The projection-type vehicle light also has a high efficiency of light rays reflected by a reflecting surface incident to an aspherical lens, and provides horizontally wide and highly uniform light distribution patterns.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical element being conveniently useful, for example as an external cover of transmitter and/or receiver for optical communication and more particularly to a surface-curved optical element comprising a transparent body of a refractive index n having a pair of boundary surfaces defined in their cross-section by the corresponding pair of ellipsoidal curves of an eccentricity 1/n. The boundary surfaces of this surface-curved optical element are configured so that they should have their focal points aligned with one another on a straight line and their focal points which are remote from vertices of the respective ellipsoidal surfaces corresponding to the apsides of the respective ellipsoidal curves should be coincident with each other, whereby parallel light rays entering the surface-curved optical element should emerge from this in the form of the parallel light rays without any disturbance.

Abstract: Here is disclosed an optical gauging apparatus utilizing light reflected on an object to be gauged and being useful for gauging of, for example, car level, spring deflection and photographic distance. Light emitted from a single light source is split into a pair of light components propagated along a pair of optical paths, respectively, the light components thus split are projected along different optical path lengths onto the object, at least one of the light components is intermittently shielded and the light components reflected on the object are photoelectrically converted to the corresponding photoelectric conversion signals which are then time-division processed so as to provide a desired gauging information.

Abstract: An optical gauging apparatus utilizing a light projected toward an object to be gauged and reflected on the object to gauge a distance to the object or an amount of change occurring in the object. The gauging apparatus includes light projecting elements adapted to project two light beams from first and second light sources or split from the light of a single light source toward the object so that these two light beams provide the object with respective different luminance characteristics thereon, a light receiving member adapted to receive the light reflected on the object, and a signal processor adapted to calculate a ratio of different luminances for the two light beams from the ouptut of the light receiving member and thereby to output an information on the gauged result.

Abstract: Here is disclosed a photoelectric detector comprising first and second light sources respectively having different light emitting areas, a photoelectric transducer member adapted to receive the light emitted from these light sources and then reflected on an object to be detected, and a signal processing circuit functioning to separate electric signals corresponding to the first and second light sources from an output of the photoelectric transducer member and to compare these separated two electric signals to each other so that presence or absence and a position of the object are detected on the basis of such comparison of the two electric signals.