Abstract: A tubular utility pole for supporting a load, adapted for direct burial of a preselected end thereof in a soil material. The pole includes a body having a substantially constant cross-section substantially along a length thereof. The body includes a steel tube with holes therein to permit attachment of the load to the body.

Abstract: A grinding ball having a 55 to 65 Rockwell C hardened outer shell of tempered martensite is adapted for use in heavy duty grinding environments. The ball is stress relieved to stabilize the ball against break up and/or spalling.

Abstract: A grinding ball having a 55 to 65 Rockwell C hardened outer shell of tempered martensite is adapted for use in heavy duty grinding environments. The ball is stress relieved to stabilize the ball against break up and/or spalling.

Abstract: A grinding ball having a 55 to 65 Rockwell C hardened outer shell of tempered martensite is adapted for use in a heavy duty grinding environment by stress relieving to stabilize the ball against break-up and/or spalling.

Abstract: A molten metal handling vessel, comprising a base and one or more sidewalls surrounding the base and extending upwardly therefrom, the interior surfaces of the base and sidewall(s) each comprising a lining formed from refractory material, the sidewall lining including a ledge spaced a distance from the base lining, the ledge projecting inwardly into the interior of the vessel and extending around at least a quarter of the periphery of the base, and all parts of the sidewall lining below the ledge projecting at least as far into the vessel as does the ledge.

Abstract: A grinding ball having a 55 to 65 Rockwell C hardened outer shell of tempered martensite is adapted for use in heavy duty grinding environments.

Abstract: A process and apparatus is provided for forming spring wire into coils. A take-up block with a peripheral surface receives convolutions of wire as it is rotated. At least one pinch roll confines convolutions of the spring wire to the peripheral surface. The shape of the peripheral surface of the block and the circumferential surface of the pinch roll combine to define a gap for urging the convolutions of spring wire to migrate upward. At least one rotatable wire receiving basket is mounted adjacent the take-up block, and further drive means are provided for rotating the at least one wire receiving basket. In a preferred form, stationary guide loops are utilized to keep the spring wire moving in a predetermined trajectory from the take-up block to the rotating wire receiving basket.

Abstract: A grinding rod chemistry enhances wearability and durability of a steel rod and comprises levels of carbon to achieve a surface hardness in excess of 55 Rockwell C and levels of chromium which achieve significant depth in the formed outer martensite shell. The grinding rod has a core greater than 99% pearlite with a hardness less than 45 Rockwell C and the end portions of the rod are soft and have a hardness less than 35 Rockwell C. The steel bar of the selected chemistry is treated by reheating to above its austenitising temperature, transferring with minimal cooling to an open tubular quench vessel while securing the bar in the vessel to minimize bar warping, introducing quench water into the inlet end of the vessel and passing the liquid through the vessel to ensure uniform heat removal. The outer martensite shell is tempered by allowing the bar to soak back after quenching.

Abstract: A seal for a high temperature treatment vessel, particularly those common to the steel industry, has a primary purpose to prevent gases from escaping the treatment vessel. The seal is provided by a positive gas pressure curtain barrier means, a plurality of mechanical seal and a means of aspirating gases escaping past the seals for recycling into the vessel.

Abstract: A grinding rod having a hardened outer shell of tempered martensite is adapted for use in heavy duty grinding environments. The rod is stress relieved to reduce internal compressive stresses in the tempered martensitic shell to less than 60 ksi and greater than 15 ksi. Such stress relieve stabilizes the rod against break-up as caused by the balancing tensile stresses in the pearlitic core exceeding tensile strength of the core.

Abstract: A system for transporting and burning under negative pressure in a boiler a raw coke oven gas to produce steam energy. The system has the usual battery of coke ovens and corresponding ascension pipes connected to a collector main. Flushing liquor is sprayed into the hot coke oven gases to effect cooling in the collector main. A transport main delivers the cooled raw coke oven gases and flushing liquor to a burner of a steam producing boiler where the transport main includes a downcomer for separating the raw coke oven gas from the flushing liquor. The coke oven gas is burned in the boiler where a suction fan is provided at the exhaust of the boiler to develop a negative pressure in the system where the boiler has reinforced walls to withstand the negative pressure. A change in negative pressure in the system is detected and monitored by a controller system which varies draw of the suction fan in response to a detected change in negative pressure in the system.

Abstract: A process for heat treating a steel bar to produce a grinding rod having a softer core of at least 99% pearlite and having a hardness of less than 45 Rockwell C, an outer shell of martensite having a hardness of at least 50 Rockwell C and softer end portions having a hardness of less than 35 Rockwell C, where the softer end portions each having an engineered heat treated length less than 15 cm, comprises reheating a formed steel bar to above its austenitising temperature, transferring with minimal cooling the reheated bar to an open tubular quench vessel while securing the bar in the vessel to minimize bar warping in the vessel during quenching, introducing quench water into an inlet end of the vessel and passing the quench liquid along the vessel at high surface velocities exceeding 4 meters per second relative to bar surface to minimize thereby production of steam along the bar length and ensure uniform heat removal and removing quench water at an outlet end of the vessel, quenching the bar in the vessel fo

Abstract: A steel composition is provided having improved sag resistance and fatigue behavior properties adapting it to be suitable for coil and torsion bar suspension springs for passenger vehicles and light trucks of lesser weight. Critical to the composition is the use of vanadium in an amount of from about 0.05 to about 0.50 wt% or niobium in an amount of about 0.05 to about 0.20 wt%, sufficient nitrogen to ensure that the vanadium or niobium is in the form of vanadium nitride or niobium nitride respectively and the substantial absence of aluminum. The vanadium nitride or niobium nitride ensures fine grain formation and the improved properties. Other components may be present including carbon, silicon and chromium.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for manipulating hot metallic material includes placing a coil of the material at a first position, the coil having an open coil eye, and initiating uncoiling of the coil while it is in the first position. During uncoiling, the coil is transferred to a second position by moving it in a direction transverse to its axis, and heat loss from the coil side edges and eye is restricted by providing a heat shield closely adjacent to the side edges. The uncoiling continues at the second position, and when the coil is near the end of the uncoiling operation at the second position, a coil opener pin is inserted axially into the open coil eye without contacting the coil, thus avoiding conductive heat loss to the pin. Finally, at the completion of the uncoiling operation, the last few coil wraps are pulled into contact with the pin as the coil is pulled downstream out of the second position, whereby the pin prevents collapsing or crushing of the final portion of the coil.

Abstract: A continuous casting apparatus includes two adjacent continuous casters each with relatively narrow end walls and relatively broad side walls, the end walls being clamped between the side walls. Mechanisms at either end move the respective end walls toward and away from each other, and may also change the slope of the end walls in order to accommodate shrinkage of the metal as it solidifies. The two casters are positioned in alignment and a single tundish is located above them but as close as possible, the tundish being capable of delivering molten metal into both casters simultaneously. The tundish covers and restricts access to the space separating the adjacent ends of the casters. The free end of each caster, however, is accessible, and its respective mechanism can be operated without inconvenience.

Abstract: The internal quality of continuously cast and other steel samples in the form of ingots, billets, blooms, slabs and bars is determined in rapid manner to enable potentially problem-causing casting conditions to be identified and corrected in timely manner. A steel sample from the casting, after grinding to remove any heat-affected zone and to provide a desired degree of surface roughness, is anodically etched using dilute hydrochloric acid at ambient temperature to etch away metal from the surface to reveal the internal quality. After removal of the sample from the etching apparatus, the sample is washed, dried, and visually examined to determine the internal quality.

Abstract: The internal quality of continuously cast and other steel samples in the form of ingots, billets, blooms, slabs and bars is determined in rapid manner to enable potentially problem-causing casting conditions to be identified and corrected in timely manner. A steel sample from the casting, after grinding to remove any heat-affected zone and to provide a desired degree of surface roughness, is anodically etched using dilute hydrochloric acid at ambient temperature to etch away metal from the surface to reveal the internal quality. After removal of the sample from the etching apparatus, the sample is washed, dried, and visually examined to determine the internal quality.

Abstract: The internal quality of continuously cast and other steel samples in the form of ingots, billets, blooms, slabs and bars is determined in rapid manner to enable potentially problem-causing casting conditions to be identified and corrected in timely manner. A steel sample from the casting, after grinding to remove any heat-affected zone and to provide a desired degree of surface roughness, is anodically etched using dilute hydrochloric acid at ambient temperature to etch away metal from the surface to reveal the internal quality. After removal of the sample from the etching apparatus, the sample is washed, dried, and visually examined to determine the internal quality.

Abstract: A product switching mechanism, located downstream of a rotary shear for rod and bar product, includes first structure defining a horizontally elongate chamber with a top, bottom and one side wall, the chamber being open at the side opposite the one side wall, the chamber having one end remote from the rotary shear and another end adjacent the rotary shear with the one end being open; a second structure defining a substantially flat vertical surface closing the open side of the chamber and providing first and second substantially horizontal passages; the first passage is enclosed above, below and on either side and has a downstream opening and an upstream opening, the second passage having an upstream opening vertically adjacent the upstream opening of the first passage, the second passage opening through the surface of the second structure and having a side wall angling toward the surface as it extends away from the upstream opening of the second passage, so that product entering the upstream opening of the s

Abstract: Guide devices are mounted on an apparatus which can be affixed to and supported by a frame such as an uplooper frame. The apparatus includes an entry guide mounted to the frame and supporting a slide bar with a horizontal top edge extending parallel with but displaced from the pass line. A guide box carriage is movably secured to the slide bar and a guide box is supported by the guide box carriage. A bell mouth carriage is also removably secured to the slide bar between the guide box carriage and the frame, with the bell mouth assembly being manually and removably secured to the bell mouth carriage. All major portions can be removed or put into place quickly with the aid of an overhead crane.