Abstract: A new and highly useful complex mixture of polyester polyols is prepared by esterifying phthalic anhydride bottoms with aliphatic polyols. This mixture can be reacted with organic isocyanates in the presence of fluorocarbon blowing agent and preferably catalysts to produce cellular polymeric structures.

Abstract: A dilute aqueous solution of sodium alpha olefin sulfonate with sodium silicate displays surprisingly high viscosity characteristics and is useful as an oven cleaner or metal cleaner.

Abstract: A mixture in water of sodium alpha olefin sulfonate, sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate displays surprisingly high viscosity characteristics and is useful as an oven cleaner or metal cleaner.

Abstract: A technique for sulfonating petroleum oil feed stocks which materially increases the extent of reaction between the sulfonatable components present in the feed stock and sulfur trioxide, and yields an improved sulfonated product. The invention provides a method which includes forming a liquid mixture of a petroleum oil feed stock and an organic additive, feeding such mixture to a reaction zone, and contacting the mixure with a reactable sulfur trioxide material. The additive appears to promote continuity of materials during the reaction in such a way that substantially homogeneous product compositions are obtained. The invention also includes the so-attained reaction products. Methods of neutralizing, digesting, purifying and other treatments to improve product utility are taught.

Abstract: Esters of alkoxylated long chain fatty alchols with halo acetic acid are contacted with tertiary amines incorporating a long chain aliphatic group to produce a class of novel quaternary ammonium compounds. These product compounds have utility as fabric softeners and as hair conditioners.

Abstract: Apparatus and processes are provided for evaluating on a miniature scale the sprayability behavior of a specific sprayable aqueous composition. The data acquired through the utilization of such apparatus and processes enables one to predict the behavior of such a composition when used in selected full scale spray equipment. Such a composition is testable for mixability with water, for sprayability when so mixed, and for sprayable composition homogeneity. Correlation between evaluation apparatus nozzle size and full scale spray equipment nozzle size is achievable, so that a given such composition can be reformulated if desirable based upon results obtained from such tests.

Abstract: A process is provided for making amphoteric surfactant compositions from substituted imidazolines whereby such substituted imidazolines are reacted with chloroacetate salts and then hydrolyzed to open the imidazoline ring and produce a solution which is substantially completely free from cyclic groups. The product solutions are highly foamable and have low skin irritation and low eye irritation characteristics.

Abstract: Petroleum sulfonates yielding improved results in enhanced oil recovery processes are comprised of a reaction product obtained from a mixture of a major proportion of a petroleum oil feed stock, such as a crude or a portion thereof, and a minor proportion of an additive, such as an oxygenated hydrocarbon, i.e., an oxo-alcohol or the like, reacted with SO.sub.3 under sulfonation conditions, mixed with about 0.5 to 20% (by reaction mixture weight) of water at the temperature in the range of about 50.degree. to 150.degree. C. for a relatively brief period of time and then neutralizing the resultant material with a base, such as NaOH. The neutralized petroleum sulfonated material thus obtained, which may or may not be extracted to remove unsulfonated organic material or salts, is then formulated into a slug for injection into an oil field for enhanced oil recovery.

Abstract: Emulsion polymerization is carried out with reactive surfactants comprised of ring sulfonated maleate half esters of alkoxylated alkyl arylols.

Abstract: New reactive surfactants or emulsifiers useful in a broad range of emulsion polymerization processes are provided, along with processes for making and using such. The reactive surfactants are comprised of ring sulfonated half esters of maleic anhydride with alkoxylated alkyl arylols.

Abstract: Petroleum sulfonates yielding improved results in enhanced oil recovery processes are comprised of a reaction product obtained from a mixture of a major proportion of a petroleum oil feed stock, such as a crude or a portion thereof, and a minor proportion of an additive, such as an oxygenated hydrocarbon, i.e., an oxo-alcohol or the like, reacted with SO.sub.3 under sulfonation conditions, mixed with about 0.5 to 20% (by reaction mixture weight) of water at the temperature in the range of about 50.degree. to 150.degree. C. for a relatively brief period of time and then neutralizing the resultant material with an base, such as NaOH. The neutralized petroleum sulfonated material thus obtained, which may or may not be extracted to remove unsulfonated organic material or salts, is then formulated into a slug for injection into an oil field for enhanced oil recovery.

Abstract: A technique for sulfonating petroleum oil feed stocks which materially increases the extent of reaction between the sulfonatable components present in the feed stock and sulfur trioxide, and yields an improved sulfonated product. The invention provides a method which includes forming a liquid mixture of a petroleum oil feed stock and an organic additive, feeding such mixture to a reaction zone, and contacting the mixture with a reactable sulfur trioxide material. The additive appears to promote continuity of materials during the reaction in such a way that substantially homogeneous product compositions are obtained. The invention also includes the so-attained reaction products. Methods of neutralizing, digesting, purifying and other treatments to improve product utility are taught.

Abstract: A surfactant composition adapted for use as an intermediate for particulate synthetic detergent formulations. The composition comprises sodium alpha olefin sulfonate and sodium silicate. Such compositions are in a homogeneous, storage stable, free-flowing, particulate form, and characteristically are only slightly hygroscopic.

Abstract: Alpha olefin sulfonates generally commercially made by reacting SO.sub.3 with alpha olefins followed by neutralization and saponification with base (typically sodium hydroxide), and subsequently bleaching, characteristically may contain by-product impurities which are non-sulfonate sulfur containing organic compounds. These impurities chiefly sultones, can be substantially completely eliminated by the process sequence of the present disclosure which involves heating and bleaching and pH adjustment under specified conditions. Surprisingly, such and similar organic sulfurous impurities are eliminated during such heating and do not reform under such bleaching and pH adjustment.

Abstract: Metal fastener sticks wherein the individual fastening elements, such as staples, on the stick are secured together by a radiation cross-linked polymer, and which metal fastener stick is prepared by: coating the metal fastener stick with a solventless, radiation -curable, polymeric composition, such as an ultraviolet-curable formulation of an unsaturated resin, a monomer and a photo initiator; and curing the composition by exposing the composition to radiation, such as ultraviolet radiation, to provide a metal fastener stick wherein the individual fastener elements are secured together in the stick through the radiation cross-linked polymer.

Abstract: A phosphite ester of a hindered bis phenol of the formula: ##SPC1##Wherein X is an alkylene radical or sulfur, R is hydrogen or alkyl, and R.sub.1 is alkyl, cycloalkyl or an alkyl-substituted aryl radical, which compounds are useful as stabilizers for polymeric materials.