Abstract: Super-oxidized water based on hypochlorous acid, such as is obtained by the electrochemical treatment of a saline solution, may be used in the treatment of leg ulcers or other open wounds. Preferably, the pH of the super-oxidized water is in a range of 4 to 7, and the water has a redox potential of >950 mV. Medicaments based on the super-oxidized water may be in liquid or gel form. The super-oxidized water is able to control the microbial population within the wound and at the same time permit cell proliferation.

Abstract: Super-oxidized water based on hypochlorous acid, such as is obtained by the electrochemical treatment of a saline solution, may be used in the treatment of leg ulcers or other open wounds. Preferably, the pH of the super-oxidized water is in a range of 4 to 7, and the water has a redox potential of >950 mV. Medicaments based on the super-oxidized water may be in liquid or gel form. The super-oxidized water is able to control the microbial population within the wound and at the same time permit cell proliferation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for the electrochemical treatment of an aqueous solution in an electrolytic cell. Output solution having a predetermined level of available free chlorine is produced by applying a substantially constant current across the cell between an anode and a cathode while passing a substantially constant throughput of chloride ions through the cell.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the electrochemical treatment of an aqueous solution in an electrolytic cell is described. Output solution having a predetermined level of available free chlorine is produced by applying a substantially constant current across the cell between an anode and a cathode while passing a substantially constant throughput of chloride ions through the cell.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semi-permeable ceramic membrane and a semi-permeable ceramic membrane made by the method, the method including providing a mixture of at least two non-metallic mineral components comprising fine particles having an effective particle size of up to 1 &mgr;m and coarse particles having an effective particle size of 1 &mgr;m or above, the fine particles having a higher coefficient of thermal expansion than the coarse particles, suspending the mixture of fine and coarse particles in a liquid to form a slurry, applying the slurry to a porous mould so as to form a green intermediate product, and baking or firing the green intermediate product to form a finished membrane. The finished membrane has a density distribution of the fine particles that increases in one direction (in use) across the finished membrane and a density distribution of the coarse particles that decreases in the same direction across the finished membrane.

Abstract: Super-oxidized water based on hypochlorous acid, such as is obtained by the electrochemical treatment of a saline solution, may be used in the treatment of leg ulcers or other open wounds. Preferably, the pH of the super-oxidized water is in a range of 4 to 7, and the water has a redox potential of >950 mV. Medicaments based on the super-oxidized water may be in liquid or gel form. The super-oxidized water is able to control the microbial population within the wound and at the same time permit cell proliferation.

Abstract: A relatively concentrated and a relatively dilute aqueous salt solution are respectively passed through the anode and cathode chambers of a flow-through electrochemical cell having a porous membrane separating the two chambers. The fluid pressure in the cathode chamber is maintained at less than atmospheric pressure and at less than the fluid pressure in the anode chamber while a potential difference is applied across the anode and cathode. In this way, dangerous build-up of gaseous electrolysis products in the chambers, especially the anode chamber, is avoided.