Abstract: Device for a drying section useful in the manufacture of paper or paperboard as a fibrous web. The drying section includes a drying drum rotatable about a first axis of rotation and arranged such that the fibrous web runs in contact with a surface of the drying drum, at least about a part of its circumference, and is dried thereby. The device includes at least one press roller rotatable about a second axis of rotation which is essentially parallel with the first axis of rotation, and is arranged, with a line load, to bear against the fibrous web, whereby the drying drum supports the at least one press roller. The at least one press roller is positioned at a corresponding longitudinal edge of the fibrous web, the least one press roller having a first cross-sectional diameter (D) at outer short ends in the device, and a second cross-sectional diameter (d) at inner short ends of the device, the first cross-sectional diameter (D) being larger than the second cross-sectional diameter (d).

Abstract: Size composition in the form of a water-based composition containing a hydrophobic, cellulose-reactive sizing agent and an anionic, cationic and/or amphoteric polymer comprising a cross-linked starch. The hydrophobic, cellulose-reactive sizing agent comprises an alkylketene dimer.

Abstract: Paper or paperboard laminate composed of at least one bulk-promoting layer, here termed the bulk layer, and on at least one side at the bulk layer at least one secondary layer, secondary layer and bulk layer being joined to one another directly or indirectly over basically the whole of their surfaces facing one another, 40-95% of the bulk layer consists of cellulose fibers with a freeness of 550-950 ml CSF, the secondary layer/layers has/have a greater density than the bulk layer, and the laminate has a bending stiffness index higher than 2.5 Nm7/kg3, but less than 14 Nm7/kg3, calculated as a geometric mean value for machine and transverse direction.

Abstract: Method for manufacturing paper or cardboard in one or more plies in order to achieve a paper or cardboard product with an even quality. The method comprises determining a fiber composition of a broke paper or cardboard waste broke, fractionating the broke; and conveying at least one fiber fraction obtained thereby to a given ply in the paper or cardboard. In this way the fractionating is controlled so that the fiber composition in the fiber fraction obtained corresponds to a fiber composition in the input paper pulp for the given ply.

Abstract: Method for improving the formation of a web material in a wire machine, including dispersing existing flocks in stock which is transported along a transport direction from an inlet box onto a plurality of wire sections which are arranged after each other along the direction of travel, counteracting the reformation of flocks in the stock on the wire by furnishing ultrasound energy as ultrasound waves with frequencies between 15 and 75 kHz to the stock on the wire sections. The ultrasound has a higher frequency within at least one section which is closer to the inlet box than a subsequent section further away from the inlet box, within which subsequent section the ultrasound has as lower frequency.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of cellulosic pulp capable of being defibrated (fluffed) for the manufacture of an absorbent material intended to be incorporated as a component in absorbent products. A stock of cellulosic fibres in aqueous suspension is pH-adjusted to 4<pH<8, that at least any water-soluble, non-polymeric aluminium salt is added to the stock, said salt in aqueous solutions at said pH forming at least any hydrocomplex with aluminium of the type Al(OH)nx, where n is a number between 1 and 3, and x is o, + or 2+, that said salt in aqueous solution is caused to act on the cellulosic fibres in said suspension at said pH during a period of time of at least 2 min, and that the fibre pulp thereafter is formed to a web, which is dewatered and dried. The invention also relates to the prepared cellulose pulp as such and to its use in absorbent products.

Abstract: A size composition in the form of an aqueous emulsion or dispersion comprises hydrophobic cellulose-reactive particles, which exist as a physical mixture of at least two hydrophobic, cellulose-reactive sizing agents, comprising alkyl keten dimer (AKD) and alkenyl succenic acid anhydride (ASA) as well as starch and/or synthetic polymer.

Abstract: An absorbent cellulose product includes cellulose fibers which are cross-linked by reaction with an effective quantity of one or more water-soluble polymers which are produced in advance, which have an average molecular weight of between 350 and 70,000 g/mol, and which possess free acid or aldehyde groups. When the product is being prepared, the cellulose fibers are impregnated with the polymers in aqueous solution. The impregnated substance is dried and defibered at the latest after drying, after which the defibered cellulose fibers are cross-linked in the dry state by means of heating the impregnated, dried and defibered cellulose product.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fluff pulp for absorbent sanitary products consisting of cellulose with cross linkings between the cellulose molecules in the cellulose fibers, and a method for its preparation. The characteristics feature of the invention is that the chemical cross linkings between the cellulose molecules in the cellulose fibers are at least partly formed by a heterocyclic compound containing in addition to coal at least two nitrogen atoms in the ring. The specific volume of the pulp in wet state is at least 9 dm.sup.3 /kg, its absorption capacity >11 g/g, and its brightness (dry sheet) is at least >65% ISO.

Abstract: Method and device designed for arranging and packing plants and their respective root lumps. The method and device are employed in relation to plants which have grown in a seedling unit containing a large number of plants and soil lumps arranged in a plurality of rows and lines adjacent each other and in uniform rectilinear check pattern. After removal of void soil lumps containing no plants and soil lumps containing badly developed plants, the remaining healthy plants are gripped and placed in channels in the same pattern they were in in the seedling unit with a separate channel for each row. The plants are then conveyed in the channels from an input end towards an output end, and gaps between the plants are eliminated in the channels not later than upon reaching the output end. A certain number of plants so collected are then removed from the channels and placed in a transport container.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method and apparatus for mass growing of seedlings in a controlled atmosphere, for later transplanting into a permanent site, e.g. for reforestation. A growing system is disclosed wherein seeds are germinated into seedlings in a growth medium arranged in trays containing compartmentalized recesses or pots all joined together to form a seedling unit. Seedling units in mass growing systems have invariably several pots wherein either the seedlings are dead, or the inserted seeds never germinate; depending on the percentage success of seed germination in the individual pots of each seedling unit, the overall efficiency of utilization of the available room and manpower spent at the growing station is considerably affected.

Abstract: A reusable seedling transplant unit for elevated growing, by germinating several seedlings simultaneously in a growth medium, contains a plurality of pot-shaped cells all joined together; each cell has an open top and bottom and is structured with a plurality of ribs extending downwardly from the open cell top to converge to the bottom. The ribs are closely spaced forming narrow slits therebetween so as to retain the growth medium in the cell during elevated growing and during transportation to a site, e.g., for reforestation. The ribs can be resiliently deformed to release each seedling for replanting in soil along with its root lump and associated growth medium, without detrimentally affecting the root lump.

Abstract: A process for removing sulphur from crude iron, comprising:bringing an adjusted flow of crude iron at a high temperature into contact with CaO by bringing the crude iron to flow through a bed of granules of CaO-containing material of about the same temperature and of such depth that the crude iron leaving the bottom of the bed has the desired low sulphur content,regenerating CaO from CaS formed hereby in the bed by bringing an O.sub.2 - and/or SO.sub.2 -containing gas to flow through the bed, andrecovering the sulphur and an adjusted fraction of SO.sub.2 in the gas flow from the regenerating operation, the residual gas flow being utilized for regeneration as above after introducing necessary oxygen.

Abstract: A method for partial reduction in a fluid bed of a fine grained iron oxide containing material whereby a fine grain low sulphur content mixture of partially reduced iron oxide containing material and coke is produced; the coke is obtained from carbonaceous material with a relatively high content of sulphur; accordingly, the combination allows the utilization of carbonaceous materials with a relatively high content of sulfur for the reduction of iron oxide and subsequent production of iron or steel without transferring the sulfur into the final product but separating it therefrom during the partial reduction of the iron oxide.

Abstract: Fine-grained iron oxide reduction in a fluidized bed; a reducing agent in the form of fine-grained solid carbonaceous material containing volatile constituents is introduced into at least one zone of the fluidized bed; in said zone the volatile constituents are driven off, and a tarry material is temporarily formed on the surface of the particles of the carbonaceous material; the fine-grained iron oxide to be reduced is introduced into said zone; iron oxide particles adhere to the tarry carbonaceous particles; in this manner micro-aggregates which are especially desired are formed; but the formation of bigger aggregates is prevented.

Abstract: A method of reducing a pulverized material containing iron oxides mixed with carbonaceous material wherein: (a) a circulating fluidized bed is maintained in a vertically elongated reaction zone by supplying it with suitable quantities of pulverized material containing iron oxides, pulverized solid carbonaceous material and optionally liquid carbonaceous material, and gas containing molecular oxygen and that gas and solid material leaving the reaction zone are separated, the solid material being returned to the reaction zone; (b) the pulverized material containing iron oxides, the carbonaceous material and the gas containing molecular oxygen are supplied to an intermediate section of the reaction zone; (c) the flow of carbonaceous material fed to the bed is controlled so that there is always sufficient coke in the bed to prevent interference of the fluidization caused by sticking or agglomeration; (d) gas and solid material leaving the reaction zone are extracted from the upper part of the reaction zone, the s

Abstract: A method for endothermic reduction of solid materials in a circulating fluid bed comprising a vertically elongated reaction zone of intermediate and lower sections separated by a transport zone, wherein due to high gas velocity therein essentially all materials entering the transport zone are transported from the lower to the intermediate section; an apparatus for carrying out such method is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention refers to constructions of rolled steel materials and to a process for the preparation of such constructions. The invention resides in the improvement of using, in the parts of said construction where the estimated tensile stress component in any direction perpendicular to the rolling direction of the material is equal to or greater than the estimated tensile stress component in the rolling direction of the material, a steel containing about 0.002 - 0.05 % by weight of sulphur and tellurium in an amount of about 0.002 - 0.009 % by weight + about 0.1 times the sulphur content in % by weight, the content of silicate bound oxygen being less than about 300 parts per million.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of carbonaceous materials containing sulphur to an essentially sulphur-free combustible gas by gasification, comprising partially gasifying the carbonaceous material in a first circulating fluid bed by supplying to said zone adjusted streams of the carbonaceous material, finely-divided CaO-containing material and steam, separating solid materials from streams of gases and solid materials leaving said reaction zone, subjecting an adjusted fraction stream of said solid materials to separation of ashes and sulphur purification and then returning this stream to the reaction zone, transferring the rest of the solid materials to a second circulating fluid bed, wherein the solid materials by partial combustion with an adjusted stream of gases containing molecular oxygen is heated to an overtemperature which is adjusted by controlling the content of oxygen of the gas in such a way that the materials after separation from the reaction gases and recirculation to the first fluid bed satisfie