Abstract: A directional horizontal boring backreamer for enlarging an initial bore, including three equally spaced radially extending wings attach to a common axle, equally spaced around the axle, each wing including a plurality of cutters positioned along the wing for enlarging the bore, and attached to each wing is a gusset plate welded to the axle at the juncture of the wing and axle and to the wing for added bending strength to the wing. The gusset plates also including an internal passage way from the center passage of the axle to the outer edge of the wings to support and supply a series of fluid jets supplied by fluid for assistance in cutting during the backreaming operation.

Abstract: A horizontal directional boring machine pivotally mounted to a tractor about a vertical axis of rotation positioned over a common entry point into the ground which permits multiple direction bores which radiate from said common entry point all with a single set-up of the boring machine.

Abstract: A steerable drill head which utilizes the combination of a hydraulic cutting nozzle and a rotary mechanical cutting blade wherein the drill string is intermittently rotated and lineally advanced in the bore. The drill head further includes a ramp attached to the head behind the cutting blade including a steering surface for deflecting the drill head and its string in a particular direction by linear advancement without rotation. The cutting blade is positioned at the center of the head with the plane of the blade positioned on the axis of rotation of the drill head.

Abstract: A pair of bi-directional breakout wrenches on a drilling rig, each wrench including a body member having an inside cam surface with a plurality of locking cogs positioned around the cam surface, each cog being rotatably journaled on a shaft with a loose-fit allowing the cogs limited lateral movement and a pair or side plates positioned on the sides of the body member supporting the cog shafts, the side plates including a handle for rotation of the side plates relative to the wrench body causing the locking cogs to engage the cam surface and move inwardly gripping the drill pipe section. One of said wrenches being attached to a linear actuator providing rotative torque to the wrench body for breaking open a threaded drill string joint while the other wrench retains the string from movement.