Abstract: In one variant, the invention provides a method of enhancing the activity of phagocytes including macrophages, and in a further variant, a method of modulating the cellular or humoral immune response to warm blooded animals. The invention also provides a method of reducing the adverse effects of stress in warm blooded animals. This is accomplished by administering an ethereally monosubstituted monosaccharide having the general formula M.sub.1 --O--Y, an ethereal monosubstitution of monosaccharide derivatives having the general formula M.sub.2 --O--Y, or pharmaceutically acceptable organic acid and inorganic acid salts thereof as defined hereinafter. In the first variant, the above substances are administered in an amount effective to enhance the microbicidal activity of phagocytes, including macrophages in a normal to depressed state of activation or macrophages already activated in response to infection.

Abstract: Ethereally substituted monosaccharides are prepared from certain selectively derivatized monosaccharides. In practicing the method:1. a monosaccharide derivative having the general formula A.sub.1 -O-H, wherein O is oxygen, H is hydrogen and A.sub.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel therapeutic composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier containing a therapeutically effective amount of an ethereal monosubstitution of a monosaccharide derivative having the general formula S-O-Y, wherein S is the residue of the monosaccharide derivative selected from the group consisting of pentoses, hexoses and heptoses as single or polysubstituted acetals, ketals or esters and Y is selected from the group consisting of cyclic monovalent nitrogen-containing organic radicals and residua and monovalent organic radicals and residua having the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a divalent organic radical having a linear carbon chain length of about 1-7 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are selected from the group consisting of --H, --OH, --SH; halogen and monovalent organic radicals and residua having a linear carbon chain length of about 1-7 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel therapeutic composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier containing a therapeutically effective amount of an ethereally monosubstituted monosaccharide having the general formula S--O--Y, wherein S is the residue of a monosaccharide selected from the group consisting of pentoses, hexoses and heptoses and Y is selected from the group consisting of cyclic monovalent nitrogen containing organic radicals and residua and monovalent organic radicals and residua having the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a divalent organic radical having a linear carbon chain length of about 1-7 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are selected from the group consisting of --H, --OH, --SH, halogen and monovalent organic radicals and residua having a linear carbon chain length of about 1-7 carbon atoms. The invention also provides certain novel ethereally monosubstituted monosaccharides, of which 3--O--3'-(N',N'-dimethylamino-n-propyl)-D-glucose is an example.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel method of enhancing learning and/or memory in warm blooded animals. This is accomplished by administering an effective amount to enhance the ability of the animal to learn tasks, or to enhance the ability of the animal to memorize information of at least one ethereally monosubstituted monosaccharide having the general formula S.sub.1 --O--Y, and/or at least one ethereal monosubstitution of monosaccharide derivatives having the general formula S.sub.2 -- O--Y, and/or organic acid and inorganic acid salts thereof as defined hereinafter. The warm blooded animal is subjected to an environment wherein it is required to learn tasks and/or memorize information and it is capable of learning tasks and memorizing informaton at markedly increased rates.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel therapeutic composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier containing a therapeutically effective amount of an ethereally monosubstituted monosaccharide having the general formula S-O-Y, wherein S is the residue of a monosaccharide selected from the group consisting of pentoses, hexoses and heptoses and Y is selected from the group consisting of cyclic monovalent nitrogen containing organic radicals and residua and monovalent organic radicals and residua having the general formula ##EQU1## wherein R.sub.1 is a divalent organic radical having a linear carbon chain length of about 1-7 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are selected from the group consisting of --H, --OH, --SH, halogen and monovalent organic radicals and residua having a linear carbon chain length of about 1-7 carbon atoms. The invention also provides certain novel ethereally monosubstituted monosaccharides, of which 3-O-3'-(N',N'-dimethylamino-n-propyl)-D-glucose is an example.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel therapeutic composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier containing a therapeutically effective amount of an ethereal monosubstitution of a monosaccharide derivative having the general formula S--O--Y, wherein S is the residue of the monosaccharide derivative selected from the group consisting of pentoses, hexoses and heptoses as single or polysubstituted acetals, ketals or esters and Y is selected from the group consisting of cyclic monovalent nitrogen-containing organic radicals and residua and monovalent organic radicals and residua having the general formula ##EQU1## wherein R.sub.1 is a divalent organic radical having a linear carbon chain length of about 1-7 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are selected from the group consisting of --H, --OH, --SH, halogen and monovalent organic radicals and residua having a linear carbon chain length of about 1-7 carbon atoms.