Abstract: A molded catalyst body that contains in a reduced state a metal of the ferrous group and/or copper on a support and is characterized by the following features:(a) Metal content: about 5 to about 40 weight percent, based on the total weight of the catalyst;(b) Metal-crystal size: .ltoreq.3 nm;(c) Volume of the pores with a diameter of 7.5 nm to 15 .mu.m: 0.05 to 0.9 ml/g catalyst;(d) BET surface area: 80-400 m.sup.2 /g catalyst;(e) Fracture strength: >30N (based on cylindrical molded body with a diameter of 1.5 mm and a length of 5 mm);(f) Bulk density: 250-350 g/l.

Abstract: A particulate composition to be used as a filling material in the heat-sensitive layer of a heat-sensitive recording material is described. The material is characterized by the fact that it occurs as fine-grained white pigments which are predominantly bound to amorphous precipitated silicic acid, whereby the amorphous precipitated silicic acid either (a) is wrapped in layers around the fine-grained white pigment or (b) occurs as fine particles that are bound to the fine-grained white pigment in a punctiform manner and whereby the water content of the material (b) is 1 to 10 percent by weight, preferably 2 to 8 percent by weight.

Abstract: An SiO.sub.2 -containing copper oxide-chromium oxide catalyst is obtained through heat treatment of copper oxide and chromium oxide, or of a precursor compound convertible into copper oxide or chromium oxide in the presence of an SiO.sub.2 component; it is characterized by the fact that, after the heat treatment,(a) the intensity ratio between the X-ray diffraction lines (XRD reflexes) of the copper oxide with d=0.232 nm and of the CuCr.sub.2 O.sub.4 spinel with d=0.240 nm formed through heat treatment, determined as the ratio of the reflex amplitudes, is 0.7 to 4.0:1, and(b) the copper mass, which is dissolved by stirring 10 g of the catalyst in 100 ml of 10 weight percent acetic acid at 20.degree. C. for 2 minutes, amounts to a maximum of 200 mg.

Abstract: Acid-resistant copper oxide-chromium oxide catalysts for hydrogenation of fatty acids or fatty acid mixtures and/or the esters thereof are obtained through heat treatment of copper oxide and chromium oxide or of precursor compounds that are convertible into copper oxide or chromium oxide and which contain aluminum zirconium, cerium and/or lanthanum oxide as an additional metal component. The acid resistance is defined by the fact that the amount of copper which is dissolved by stirring 10 g of the catalyst for 2 minutes in 100 ml of 10 weight percent acetic acid at 20.degree. C., is a maximum of 200 mg.

Abstract: Toothed-wheel shaped particles are used as catalysts in the dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons, particularly ethylbenzene to styrene.

Abstract: A method for bleaching pulp using an alkaline, peroxide-containing bleaching agent for chemical pulp, mechanical pulp, waste paper and/or mixtures thereof, which optionally contains water glass and/or a complexing agent, contains, as an additive, a silicate ion exchanger which has been modified using an alkali metal carbonate or alkali metal hydrogen carbonate.

Abstract: A desiccant cartridge for a container, which contains moisture-sensitive product, wherein said desiccant cartridge contains at least one outside-connection opening via which the desiccant cartridge is joined to the surrounding air, a desiccant being contained in a cartridge casing. A surrounding-air duct extends between the outside-connection opening and the desiccant. This surrounding-air duct forms a long diffusion path in relation to the breathing cross-sectional area of the desiccant cartridge.

Abstract: A catalyst for the steam reforming of hydrocarbons contains nickel on an alumina/calcium aluminate support which is doped with 0.2 to 10 percent by weight of titanium dioxide. The titanium dioxide has the effect that the calcium aluminate is at least partially in the form of a hibonite [CaO(Al.sub.2 O.sub.3).sub.6 ] phase in an .alpha.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 matrix as defined by x-ray diffractometry.

Abstract: A catalyst for the selective hydrogenation of polyunsaturated hydrocarbons which contain entirely or predominantly more than five carbon atoms, containing palladium with a promotor on a metal oxide support. The promotor is a metal from the subgroup IB of the periodic system (preferably silver) and the metal oxide support (TiO.sub.2 optionally mixed with CeO.sub.2 and/or ZrO.sub.2) is macroporous, the pore volume being about 0.2 to 0.4, preferably about 0.25 to 0.30 ml per g of carrier and the proportion of the macropores having a diameter of more than 14 nm being at least 65%.

Abstract: A process for decreasing the content of nitrogen oxides in flue gases. The process comprising contacting the flue gases with a catalyst. The catalyst contains at least one of the metals titanium, zirconium, vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum, or cerium in the form of one or more of their oxides combined with a silicate with a layer structure (layer silicate) comprising acid-activated kaolin. The crystalline layer structure of the acid-activated kaolin is essentially retained, while being not yet X-ray amorphous. The acid activation increases the BET surface area at least 15% and preferably at least 50% in terms of the BET surface area of the kaolin before acid activation. The atomic ratio of the silicon in the acid-activated kaolin to the metal in the oxide is from 0.2 and 50 and preferably from 0.4 to 25.

Abstract: A ferruginous catalyst for decreasing the content of nitrogen oxide in flue gases. The catalyst comprising an active constituent in the form of a combination of a compound of iron and of an acid aluminosilicate that has a layered structure.

Abstract: A catalyst for decreasing the content of nitrogen oxides in flue gases. The catalyst contains at least one of the metals titanium, zirconium, vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum, or cerium in the form of one or more of their oxides combined with a silicate with a three-layer structure (three-layer silicate) selected from the group consisting of illite and mica. The atomic ratio of the silicon in the three-layer silicate to the metal in the oxide is from 0.2 and 50 and preferably from 0.4 to 25.

Abstract: A catalyst for decreasing the content of nitrogen oxides in flue gases. The catalyst contains at least one of the metals titanium, zirconium, vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum, or cerium in the form of one or more of their oxides combined with a silicate with a three-layer structure (three-layer silicate). The three-layer silicate is acid-activated while essentially retaining its crystalline layer structure. The three-layer silicate has a cation-exchange capacity of 30 mvals/100 g or more before acid activation. The acid activation lowers the concentration of interlayer cations and increases the BET surface at least 15% and preferably at least 50% in terms of the BET surface of the three-layer silicate before acid activation. The atomic ratio of the silicon in the acid-activated three-layer silicate to the metal in the oxide is from 0.2 and 50 and preferably from 0.4 to 25.

Abstract: A catalyst for decreasing the content of nitrogen oxides in flue gases. The catalyst contains at least one of the metals titanium, zirconium, vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum, or cerium in the form of one or more of their oxides combined with a silicate with a three-layer structure (three-layer silicate) comprising acid-activated pyrophyllite. The crystalline layer structure of the acid-activated pyrophyllite is essentially retained, while being not yet X-ray amorphous. The acid activation increases the BET surface area at least 15% and preferably at least 50% in terms of the BET surface area of the pyrophyllite before acid activation. The atomic ratio of the silicon in the acid-activated pyrophyllite to the metal in the oxide is from 0.2 and 50 and preferably from 0.4 to 25.

Abstract: A catalyst for decreasing the content of nitrogen oxides in flue gases. The catalyst contains at least one of the metals titanium, zirconium, vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum, or cerium in the form of one or more of their oxides combined with a silicate with a three-layer structure (three-layer silicate) which is or comprises talc. The three-layer silicate is preferably acid-activated while essentially retaining its crystalline layer structure and being not yet X-ray amorphous. The acid activation increases the BET surface area at least 15% and preferably at least 50% in terms of the BET surface area of the talc before acid activation. The atomic ratio of the silicon in the talc to the metal in the oxide is from 0.2 and 50 and preferably from 0.4 to 25.

Abstract: A catalyst for lowering the nitrogen oxide content of flue gases contains as the active component an acid-activated layer silicate, in particular of the smectite type, whose layered structure is to a large extent intact after the acid treatment.

Abstract: A catalyst for the production of synthesis gas or hydrogen from aqueous methanol by dissociation or steam reforming. The catalyst contains:(A) a metal component of one or more elements of the VIIIb group of the periodic table on a carrier material on the basis:(B.sub.1) of TiO.sub.2 or CeO.sub.2, singly or in admixture with other heat-resistant metal oxides and/or binders or(B.sub.2) of TiO.sub.2, which is introduced onto the surface of a preformed, heat-resistant carrier.Processes utilizing this catalyst allow for the dissociation of methanol for production of synthesis gas, or for the production of hydrogen through steam reforming.Thus, the concentration of hydrogen or of carbon monoxide may be controlled by monitoring the concentration of steam utilized in the inlet feed.

Abstract: Catalyst for the selective hydrogenation of multi-unsaturated organic compounds, in particular of diolefins and dienes in mixtures with other hydrocarbons; the catalyst is characterized by(A) a metal component from one or more elements of Group VIII of the Periodic Table on(B) a support material on the basis(b.sub.1) of one or more n-semiconducting oxides of one or more elements from the Subgroups IVb, Vb and VIb of the Periodic Table or of thorium or cerium, or respectively on the basis(b.sub.2) of one or more n-semiconducting mixed oxide systems of the formula Me.sub.2 Me.sub.1 (0).sub.x, where Me.sub.1 is an element of the group defined in (b.sub.1), Me.sub.2 an alkaline earth metal or an element different from Me.sub.1 or the group defined in (b.sub.1), and x signifies the number of oxygen atoms required for the saturation of Me.sub.1 and Me.sub.

Abstract: There is disclosed an improvement in the preparation of a crystalline zeolitic aluminosilicate with an atomic Si-to-Al ratio .gtoreq.10 by hydrothermal crystallization from a reaction batch that contains SiO.sub.2 and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 or their hydrated derivatives or alkali silicates and aluminates along with crystallization accelerators and optionally in the copresence of a quaternary ammonium compound amino or mixture of alcohol and ammonia, in an aqueous and alkaline medium, the improvement wherein an aged but still X-ray amorphous aluminosilicate nucleating gel with an atomic Si-to-Al ratio .gtoreq.10 is added to the reaction batch as a crystallization accelerator.

Abstract: Iron oxide-chromium oxide catalyst of increased mechanical strength (lateral crushing strength) for high-temperature water-gas shift reaction. The catalyst contains as an additional component magnesium oxide and/or magnesium spinels in the form of discrete particles.