Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of increasing the cold tolerance of a plant or part thereof and/or preventing or inhibiting bolting of a plant, comprising deregulating phloem flux and plants or parts thereof having deregulated phloem flux. The invention also extends to the use of genes for deregulating phloem flux in a plant or part thereof; and/or increasing cold tolerance of a plant or part thereof; and/or preventing or inhibiting bolting in a plant. The invention also provides methods of selecting and/or producing a plant with deregulated phloem flux and/or increased cold tolerance and/or delayed or inhibited bolting. The invention also extends to constructs, isolated polynucleotides and polypeptides which can be used to deregulate phloem flux, plant cells transformed with such constructs, and to plants or parts thereof having deregulated phloem flux.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the provision of a method for producing a clear sugar beet pre-limitation juice and a coagulate removed from the pre-liming juice, and to a pre-liming juice and protein-containing fraction that are provided by means of said method. A decanter centrifuge having an angle between the longitudinal axis of the bowl and the generatrix of the conical portion of 6 to 10° is used.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), which converts a fructose-containing component using a catalytically active anolyte fraction, which has been produced by electrolysis of water, at a temperature of 90 to 200° C. and for obtaining an HMF-containing product mixture, wherein advantageously a high HMF selectivity is achieved with significantly lower by-product formation.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing functionally improved carbolime from carbolime and the use of the functionally improved carbolime as a filtering aid, as filler, as lime fertilizer or as adsorbent for the adsorption of dyes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), which converts a fructose-containing component using a catalyst system comprising a solution of a salt and acid mixture at a temperature of 90 to 200° C. and leads to obtaining an HMF-containing product mixture, wherein advantageously a high HMF selectivity with significantly lower by-product formation is achieved at the same time.

Abstract: The invention relates to tonoplast proton/sugar antiporter proteins, more particularly tonoplast proton/saccharose antiporter proteins, the nucleotide sequences which encode them and uses thereof for producing transgenic plants with an increased saccharose concentration. The invention also includes methods for producing transgenic plants with an increased saccharose concentration, methods for increasing the saccharose concentration in plants, and for identifying plants which are suitable for creating a higher saccharose concentration.

Abstract: The invention relates to tonoplast proton/sugar antiporter proteins, more particularly tonoplast proton/saccharose antiporter proteins, the nucleotide sequences which encode them and uses thereof for producing transgenic plants with an increased saccharose concentration. The invention also includes methods for producing transgenic plants with an increased saccharose concentration, methods for increasing the saccharose concentration in plants, and for identifying plants which are suitable for creating a higher saccharose concentration.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in a continuous process, which leads to the obtainment of an HMF fraction, a carbohydrate/acid fraction, a fructose fraction, and a levulinic-acid and formic-acid fraction and advantageously makes it possible, because of the purity of the obtained fractions, to return the fructose fraction obtained by means of the method directly to the production process and to use the other fractions in further-processing processes without the need for complex, additional purification steps.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in a continuous process, which leads to the obtainment of an HMF fraction, a carbohydrate/acid fraction, a fructose fraction, and a levulinic-acid and formic-acid fraction and advantageously makes it possible, because of the purity of the obtained fractions, to return the fructose fraction obtained by means of the method directly to the production process and to use the other fractions in further-processing processes without the need for complex, additional purification steps.

Abstract: The prevent invention relates to a fondant comprising a sugar system made up of a first non-crystalline phase and a second crystalline phase, wherein the non-crystalline phase contains isomaltulose and sucrose and wherein the crystalline phase contains isomaltulose. The invention also relates to a method for the production thereof, the use of the fondant as icing, coating or filling for baked goods and baked goods that are completely or partially coated with the fondant according to the invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to tonoplast proton/sugar antiporter proteins, more particularly tonoplast proton/saccharose antiporter proteins, the nucleotide sequences which encode them and uses thereof for producing transgenic plants with an increased saccharose concentration. The invention also includes methods for producing transgenic plants with an increased saccharose concentration, methods for increasing the saccharose concentration in plants, and for identifying plants which are suitable for creating a higher saccharose concentration.

Abstract: A stirrer for a crystallizing evaporator such a crystallizing evaporator for crystallizing sucrose from concentrated beet juice. The stirrer includes at least one active flow-conducting means selected from a group consisting of a plurality of flow-conducting propellers arranged along a shaft of the stirrer and a screw running along the shaft.

Abstract: In a reaction chamber, which constitutes a component of a process installation for obtaining foodstuffs or foodstuff components, biological products in harvested form that are whole or in pieces are subjected to pulsed electric fields as they pass through said reaction chamber, said electric fields forming pores in the cell walls so as to irreversibly open the latter, thus making the content of the cells more easily accessible. This is achieved by electrode groups, which can be energized to a high voltage and are located in the wall of a longitudinal passage of the reactor through which the process material is moved past grounded electrodes located in an opposing longitudinal wall area. Each electrode group is connected to an electric energy accumulator such as for example, a Marx generator, by means of a switch, in order to rapidly establish electric fields of multiple directions between the charged and the grounded electrodes.

Abstract: A process and product is taught for producing vitreous molten mass from sweeteners by means of an extruder, in particular a double screw extruder. The sweetener is introduced into an inlet zone of the extruder, is extruded in a melting zone at an increased temperature, in a vacuum zone at a reduced pressure and increased temperature, and finally in a cooling zone at a reduced temperature, forming a vitreous molten mass.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of long-chain inulin having an average chain length greater than 20 monomer units while simultaneously obtaining glucose and fructose is performed. An aqueous crude inulin suspension with a crude inulin concentration of 20-70% by weight is subjected to enzymatic treatment with inulinase at temperatures of 30.degree.-70.degree. C. During the process the short-chain components are degraded to mono- and disaccharides, and the long-chain inulins are then separated off from the mono- and disaccharides and converted into dry form. The long chain inulins may be separated from the mono- and disaccharides by crystallization by cooling and centrifugation or chromatographically using a strongly acidic cation exchange resin loaded with calcium ions.

Abstract: 5-(.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyloxymethyl)-furan-2-carboxaldehyde (GMF) is produced from isomaltulose by heating a solution of isomaltulose in a strongly polar aprotic solvent in the presence of an acidic ion-exchanger, either batchwise or by percolation of the solution through a column filled with the ion-exchanger. Novel derivatives of GMF of the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R' is a hydrogen atom, an acyl group or an alkyl group and X represents --CH.sub.2 OH, --COOH, --C(H).dbd.NOH, --CN, --CH.sub.2 NHR" or --CH.dbd.CR"R'", where R" is a hydrogen atom, an acyl or aryl group or an alkyl group with up to 20 C atoms and R'" is a hydrogen atom, --NO.sub.2, --CN, --COOalkyl or acyl are described, and also their preparation and use for the preparation of surface-active compounds.