Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of forming delta-lactone compounds by reaction of a diene with carbon dioxide in the presence of Pd and a phosphine ligand.

Abstract: A therapeutic composition of camel milk can include an herbal composition having solid material or liquid extracts from the solid material of at least one of Saussurea acrophila Diels, Saussurea ceratocarpa, and Aucklandia lappa Decne. The solid material may include one or more of parts or the whole of the stem, the bark, the flowers and the roots of one or more, but preferably all of Saussurea acrophila Diels, Saussurea ceratocarpa, and Aucklandia lappa Decne. The therapeutic composition can include camel milk, alone, or in combination with the herbal composition. The camel milk can be HIV-immunized camel milk. The HIV-immunized camel milk can be obtained by immunizing a camel against HIV by administering to the camel the modified DNA plasmids of SEQ. ID No.: 3 and SEQ ID No.: 4 and obtaining the milk from the immunized camel.

Abstract: An anti-microbial composition includes an extract of at least one of Aucklandia lappa Decne and Punica granatum. The extract can be an aqueous ethanol extract. The extract can be formed using the peel of the pomegranate and the root of the Aucklandia lappa Decne. A weight ratio of the Aucklandia lappa Decne and Punica granatum in the composition can range from about 4:1 to about 1:1.

Abstract: The method of making an Ajwa date-based treatment for snake envenomation is a method for preparing a composition for the treatment of local hemorrhage and edema induced by snake envenomation. The composition is an ethanolic extract of the fruit of the Ajwa date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). A concentrated, granulated extract of the Ajwa date is produced by repeated suspension in ethanol, extraction, filtering, and drying the filtrate to evaporate the solvent. The final filtrate is lyophilized (i.e., freeze-dried) to yield a granulated Ajwa date-based treatment for snake envenomation. This granulated Ajwa date-based treatment for snake envenomation may then be further suspended in a saline solution for preparation of an intravenous treatment for snake envenomation.

Abstract: The convertible wheelchair is similar to a conventional wheelchair, but includes a reclining back support and an additional leg support plate. As the back support is pivoted, with respect to the seat, into a reclining position, the leg support plate is driven to pivot upward. When the back support is pivoted into a fully reclining position, the seat, the back support and the leg support plate are positioned parallel and co-planar with respect to one another. Similar to a conventional wheelchair, the convertible wheelchair includes a frame, the seat, which is secured to an upper end of the frame, the back support, which is secured to a rear end of the frame and is pivotally coupled to the seat, a pair of rear wheels rotatably secured to the rear end of the frame, and a pair of front wheels rotatably secured to the front end of the frame.

Abstract: The three-electrode structure for capacitive deionization desalination is a system for desalination of a fluid containing charged species and a process thereof. A capacitive deionization cell has at least three electrodes, wherein the first electrode is connected to either the positive or the negative potential, a second electrode, which is connected to a potential equal in magnitude but having a polarity opposite to that of the first electrode, and a third central electrode, which is placed between the first and second electrodes and is connected to a reference potential.

Abstract: A nanostructured zinc oxide membrane for removing oil from water includes a membrane and a plurality of zinc oxide nanorods on at least one surface of the membrane. The nanorods can cover less than about 40% of the surface of the membrane. Air pockets can be formed in spaces between adjacent nanorods. The nanostructured zinc oxide membranes can be used to separate oil from an oil-water mixture in a cost-effective and energy efficient manner.

Abstract: The multi-element portable wireless charging device includes a transmitter having a DC power source (battery), an oscillator connected to the battery for converting the DC to AC, a power amplifier connected to the AC output of the oscillator, and at least one flat, planar primary coil connected as a load of the power amplifier circuit. The system also includes a receiver (typically installed in the device requiring recharging) that has a flat, planar secondary coil in which an AC current is induced when placed in close proximity (1-3 cm) to the primary coil, a full-wave bridge rectifier to rectify the AC current to DC, and a voltage regulator connected to the rectifier to provide a steady DC voltage required by the charging circuit to charge the mobile device. Power is transmitted from the transmitter to the receiver by magnetic inductive coupling.

Abstract: A method of making set-date syrup can transform unprocessed (uncrystallized) date syrup into a set-date syrup. The method can include controlled crystallization of the sugars in the unprocessed date syrup. A portion of the unprocessed syrup can be used to produce a seed batch. The seed batch can be made by allowing the unprocessed date syrup to crystallize. The seed batch can then be mixed with an amount of unprocessed syrup in appropriate proportions to provide a mixture. The mixture can be maintained for a period of one to seven days at a temperature ranging from about ?20° C. to about 15° C. to provide the set-date syrup.

Abstract: The food skewering machine includes a base and a food holding tray that is removably installed within the base. The tray includes two portions that are hingedly attached together. Each portion of the tray includes a series of receptacles for holding meat or other foods to be skewered when the two hinged portions are closed. A skewer driver can travel back and forth along the length of the base to drive or push skewers into the tray, thereby skewering the contents of the receptacles within the tray. The food holding receptacles within the tray may include any practicable number and are arranged in rows to provide for the simultaneous skewering of food using multiple skewers. Each row has a plurality of receptacles therein to allow each skewer to impale a plurality of food elements during a single skewering operation.

Abstract: The automatic book-end system for shelves includes a shelf, a book-end housing that is movably connected to the shelf, and a limit switch connected to the book-end housing. The housing includes a rechargeable battery, an electric circuit, electric motors, and a pair of chain sprockets. The shelf includes a pair of roller chains that engage the chain sprockets. The electric motors, chain sprockets, and roller chains work in conjunction to achieve linear motion of the housing along the shelf bottom. The book-end housing can support the books in an upright, side by side arrangement on the shelf. Once a book is removed from the shelf, the housing is automatically repositioned to push the remaining books together and close any resulting gaps between the remaining books.

Abstract: The desk extension is quickly and conveniently attached and removed from the edge of a desk or table to provide additional surface area for the user. The desk extension has two parallel panels or levels when deployed to maximize the available area. The two panels are held parallel to one another when deployed, and one panel folds into a recess in the bottom of the other panel for storage when not in use. A clamp mechanism includes two folding clamps that are pivoted beneath the upper plate of the clamp assembly for compact storage when not in use. The clamp mechanism is pivotally attached to the edges of the lower panel to position the two panels horizontally when the extension is attached to a sloped surface, or to position the two panels at an oblique angle, if desired.