Abstract: A blank for a wide flange beam is produced by feeding a flat slab to a break-down mill in which a box caliber, one or more forming calibers and a sizing caliber are formed by a pair of rolls, and rolling the material in a former stage of the rolling process so that the rectangular ratio of the rolled material is substantially equal to the rectangular ratio of the slab.

Abstract: In a process for gasification of solid carbonaceous material such as coal, powdered coal is top-blown onto a molten iron bath stored in a furnace through a non-submerged lance toward a hot spot formed by means of a jet of oxygen and steam top-blown through a non-submerged lance, the coal being blown by means of a carrier gas, and flux is optionally added into the furnace by the lump or blown toward the hot spot, thereby resulting in the coal being gasified. The ratio L/L.sub.o of the depression depth L of the molten iron bath to the molten iron bath depth L.sub.o is maintained from 0.05 to 0.15, and the blowing velocity of the solid carbonaceous material is maintained from 50 to 300 m/sec so as to suppress the formation of an adhered mass on the upper part of the furnace, hood or lance.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for tightening fasteners adapted to combine two bars in a linear fashion. The apparatus includes a first spanner member for engaging a first fastener and a second spanner member for engaging a second fastener. A driving apparatus is provided for rotating the second spanner member and includes a ratchet arrangement and a linear driving apparatus for driving the ratchet arrangement. The first and second spanner members are connected by a separable connection permitting easy separation or assembly. Further, the orientation of the first spanner member is adjustable therefore providing an apparatus which can be applied to and removed from the coupling assembly for two bars in spite of the random rotational orientation of the fasteners.

Abstract: A ferritic stainless steel containing 12.00-25.00% of Cr, 0.1-2.0% of Cu and 0.2-2.0% of Nb with sulfur being restricted to not greater than 0.02%, preferably not greater than 0.005% is hot rolled with a finishing temperature of 850.degree. C. or less, which is lower than the usual finishing temperature, and the resulting hot rolled steel strip is annealed at a relatively high temperature of 950.degree.-1050.degree. C. The resulting cold rolled steel sheet, though it is less expensive, possesses good formability, ridging resistance, surface appearance and corrosion resistance, and is particularly suitable for making ornamental articles, such as automotive mouldings.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing granules from slags produced in metallurgical furnaces such as blast furnaces, converter furnaces, electric furnaces, reverberatory furnaces comprising means for accelerating a stream of molten slag from a container to a velocity of at least two meters per second, and directing the stream onto a target surface from which it rebounds in the form of an inverted cone of droplets which are projected through the air to cool and to solidify them into granules.

Abstract: Cooling water is sprayed under a predetermined pressure range and at a predetermined discharge rate over the both surfaces of a sheet to be treated which is reciprocated lengthwise at such a velocity that the product of the reciprocating velocity and thickness of the sheet may be maintained within a predetermined range. The spraying direction of each spray nozzle is individually controlled so that any water remaining over the surface of the sheet may be expelled out. The method and apparatus is especially adapted for use in the normalizing process and in the process for cooling hot-rolled sheet steel.

Abstract: A 10-35% Cr ferritic stainless steel stabilized with 0.20-1.00% of Nb wherein Nb%.gtoreq.(8.times.C%+2.0%) with impurities, such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, oxygen and sulfur reduced to given levels is disclosed. By reducing the sulfur content to a level of not greater than 0.002%, preferably less than 0.001% or in cases where copper and/or nickel is added, to a level of not greater than 0.005%, the corrosion resistance of the resulting steel can markedly be improved. Since the ferritic stainless steel of this invention also exhibits a combination of good surface appearance and formability, it can be substituted for certain austenitic stainless steels not only as a general corrosion resistant material, but also as a material for making external automotive trims and so on.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing granules from slags produced in metallurgical furnaces such as blast furnaces, converter furnaces, electric furnaces and reverberatory furnaces. A molten slag stream from a container at a velocity of at least two meters per second is impinged upon a non-wetting target surface, from which the stream rebounds in a film of projected droplets having the shape of an inverted cone. Cooling and solidifying the droplets by their projected flight in air forms solid granules.

Abstract: There is provided a spot-weldable bonded clad metal plate wherein the metal sheets are 0.05-1.0 mm thick and at least 0.4 mm thick, respectively, the adhesive layer has a thickness of 15-60 microns and the adhesive layer contains 10-100 g/m.sup.2 of metallic powder having a particle diameter corresponding to 0.5-1.5 times the thickness of the adhesive layer. The metallic powder is not necessarily entirely metallic and, for example, glass beads having surfaces coated with a metal can also be used. As the adhesive, a polyamide resin adhesive, particularly, a hot melt type polyamide resin adhesive is preferred.The bonded clad metal plate shows excellent adhesion strength, and in spite of such thin metal sheets, does not blister when spot-welded.

Abstract: A method for controlling the width of material in hot strip rolling through a train of alternately arranged vertical and horizontal roughing roll stands. The method restricts the width variation of the strips at the delivery side of the roughening rolls caused by the difference in temperature distribution in the widthwise direction of the strips between skidded areas and non-skidded areas by controlling the degrees of roll opening of a vertical roll stand based on the measurement of the width of the material to be rolled measured by a width meter, the vertical roll stand being disposed downstream of the measuring point.

Abstract: A heavy thick steel casting having high mechanical strength with a tensile strength of 80 kg/mm.sup.2 or more, excellent impact properties with a vE.sub.O value of more than 8 kg-m/cm.sup.2 and improved weldability, and also a method of manufacturing the same.In the method, steel containing boron as an essential component and with a Ceq value corresponding to the maximum thickness of the product is cast. The casting is solidified in air, then heated to a temperature of 930.degree. to 1,050.degree. C. for one hour or more, followed by air cooling. Thereafter, the casting is quenched and tempered to thereby impart the casting with the desired characteristics.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the thermal cracking of a heavy petroleum oil to produce a pitch with a high aromaticity having a high softening point, the ratio of H/C of about 0.4 to 1.1 and the fraction insoluble in n-heptane but soluble in quinoline of higher than 55% by weight and an oil mainly composed of aliphatic hydrocarbon by feeding the heavy petroleum oil into a reaction system and bringing it therein into contact with a gas which does not react with the heavy petroleum oil, of a temperature in the range of from 400.degree. C. to 2000.degree. C., which method is improved by using, as the reaction system, a plurality of reaction vessels arranged in series and having their interior temperatures successively lower by a fixed step in the direction of the transfer of the charge.

Abstract: In non-contact ultrasonic flaw detection, a pulse laser beam having a frequency in the infrared band is focused by a lens and caused to strike the material to be inspected, the ultrasonic wave generated by the shock upon the laser beam striking the material is propagated within the material to be inspected and received by an electromagnetic probe which detects the defects in the material being inspected.

Abstract: A flaw detecting unit inspects the surface of a red-hot steel material, the nail marking unit drives steel nails into the flaw in response to the flaw detection signal, and a scarfing unit scarfs the flaw starting from the nails in response to the scarfing command signal.

Abstract: Surface defects occurring periodically in specific regions of the surface of steel material are removed by moving a detector head having a scarfing torch disposed forwardly of a detector probe for scanning along a predetermined path, during which the surface of the scanning path is scarfed smooth and detected by said head, and the surface defects are scarfed away according to the results of the detection.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for making steel in a basic oxygen furnace by the top-blowing of pure oxygen and the bottom-blowing of a gas mainly composed of carbon dioxide are disclosed, in which a waste gas discharged from said basic oxygen furnace is utilized as the only source of the gas to be blown into a molten metal.

Abstract: A process of producing a solvent useful in coal liquefaction which includes separating the heavy liquid produced from the liquefaction of coal into a fraction boiling at 200.degree. to 210.degree. C., a fraction boiling at 211.degree. to 230.degree. C., and a fraction boiling at not less than 231.degree. subjecting the fraction boiling at 211.degree. to 230.degree. C. to a hydrogenation treatment to produce a hydrogenated fraction, mixing the hydrogenated fraction with the fraction boiling at 200.degree. to 210.degree. C. to form a resultant mixture, and mixing a portion of the resultant mixture with a portion of the fraction boiling at not less than 231.degree. C. Alternately, the solvent is produced from the heavy liquid by separating it into a fraction boiling at 200.degree. C. to 210.degree. C., a fraction boiling at 211.degree. C. to 230.degree. C., a fraction boiling at 231.degree. C. to 250.degree. C., a fraction boiling at 251.degree. C. to 350.degree. C. and a fraction boiling at not less than 351.

Abstract: Steel plate having an excellent resistance to hydrogen induced cracking is obtained from a continuously cast slab having the following composition, C 0.01-0.30% by weight, Si 0.05-0.60% by weight, Mn 0.40-2.50% by weight, Sol Al 0.005-1.00% by weight, S 0.003% and lower by weight, the weight ratio of Ca/S is 2-10, the remainder being substantially Fe, through the steps of hot primary reduction rolling the cast slab, heating it at the temperature of 1200.degree. C. or higher for 10 hours or longer, and ordinary rolling it.

Abstract: A cutting apparatus lights the surface of a moving hot steel material with lamps, locates any flaw with a video camera or the like, scarfs the surface of the steel material adjacent the flaw with a scarfing torch, measures the depth of the flaw with an eddy current detecting probe or the like, estimates accurately the loss of length due to conditioning size and depth of the flaw with a computer, and cuts the steel material in a predetermined length plus the accurately estimated length corresponding to the loss of length due to conditioning.

Abstract: Wandering of a strip in a hot rolling line is prevented by the provision of a hot roller leveler and a side guide between a finishing mill and a coiler. At least one of the leveler rolls is made angularly adjustable in a horizontal plane and/or in a vertical plane with respect to the strip.