Abstract: The present invention provides a regulator for a refiner or grinding apparatus having opposed relatively rotatable grinding discs. Each grinding disc carries a grinding segment, and a predetermined gap or grinding space is defined between the grinding segments. The regulator, which is provided to compensate for axial variations in the predetermined grinding space due to variations of the load, includes a piston axially movable in a cylinder and a calibrated resilient element acting on the piston. The regulator is coupled to a hydraulic servo motor for the grinding discs, and the dimensions of the piston and cylinder of the regulator are selected to correspond to that of the servo motor, but in reduced scale. By calibrating the resilient element of the regulator to correspond to the axial load applied to the grinding discs, the displacement of the regulator piston corresponds to the relative displacement of the grinding disc and thus to a variation in the grinding space between the grinding discs.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for conjoint or simultaneous adjustment of the gap spaces of the inner and outer grinding zones of a pulp refiner apparatus in a single step. The inner grinding zone is generally radially oriented, and merges into an outer inclined grinding zone. Pulp stock to be ground is introduced into a central inlet position and is accelerated through the inner and outer grinding zones by centrifugal forces generated by a pair of grinding members which rotate relative to one and other. The opposed surfaces of the relatively rotating members each carry a plurality of concentric rows of teeth, and the gap spacing of the inner grinding zone is defined between adjacent surfaces of the teeth. The adjacent teeth defining the inner grinding zone are arranged so that adjustment of the gap space of the outer grinding zone simultaneously controls the gap spacing of the inner grinding zone without the need for separate adjustment.

Abstract: A wire coiling arrangement includes a rotatable wire coiling mandrel (34) which incorporates a wire receiving slot (33) which extends axially rearwardly from a forward end of the mandrel and which has a slot mouth or entrance (40) facing towards the front end of the mandrel. A coil ejection arrangement (43-46) is arranged for movement along the mandrel (34), between a withdrawn wire coiling position and a forwardly located coil ejection position, such as to push a coil wound on the mandrel axially therefrom. The coil ejection arrangement also carries wire guides (42) which in one setting position of the ejection arragement form a continuation of the slot mouth (40) which widens outwardly from the forward end of the mandrel.

Abstract: Combined hydrostatic/hydrodynamic bearing system for a grinding apparatus in which the material is ground in a grinding space defined between a pair of relatively rotating grinding members and in which at least one of the grinding members is carried by an axially displaceable rotatable shaft. One or more cylindrical pistons are mounted on the rotatable shaft to rotate therewith within a pressure chamber defined within a stationary cylindrical housing permitting the piston or pistons to be displaced axially therein. Fluctuations in axial thrust forces acting on the displaceable rotatable shaft are counteracted by applying a fluid pressure medium to one or both of the piston ends of the cylindrical piston or pistons in a controlled manner so as to maintain a predetermined clearance range of the grinding space.

Abstract: An arrangement for removing and separating into pieces wrapping wire (3) encircling a bale (2) or like package in individual, closed loops includes a first wire clipping device (6) for severing the wire in each separate loop at a location (29), to form a wire length; a second wire clipping device (14, 16, 17) for dividing the wire length into smaller pieces; and feed means (10, 12'16, 18) for advancing the wire length to the second wire clipping device. The latter device (14, 16, 17) comprises at least one cutting bit (16) projecting radially outwards from a motor-driven rotor (14) and whose cutting edge generates a cylindrical surface, and further comprises a stationary counter cutting bit (17). The feed means includes a part-cylindrical guide surface (18) which co-operates with the cutting edge to advance a wire length introduced between the guide surface and the rotor (14) to the counter cutting bit.

Abstract: Method and appparatus for making pulp of grinding goods, such as fibre material, in the grinding zone of a grinding apparatus by pressing it against a grinding surface provided with a pattern extending in the direction of movement of the grinding goods over the grinding surface for desintegration of the grinding goods. Steam generated during the grinding work causes a pressure rise along the grinding surface. The region for the maximum pressure in the grinding zone is established with the aid of measurements of the pressure course in the grinding zone and the pattern is formed in a predetermined region around this pressure center so that braking of the grinding goods will be obtained.

Abstract: A method of peroxide bleaching lignocellulose-containing material for providing a pulp of both high strength and brightness. Increase in strength is provided in a first stage by hyper-alkaline peroxide bleaching known per se, i.e. bleaching carried out at an initial pH of over 12, measured in the bleaching liquid at 24.degree. C. before mixing into the pulp. The desired brightness increase is provided in a subsequent stage with or without intermediate washing of the pulp and at a lower initial pH.

Abstract: A press with cooperating endless belt, fixed platens and having movable rolls fed between the platens and belts. Plural aligned wheel means are provided for feeding and spacing the rolls as they enter the pressing zone between the platens and belts.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for the production of mechanical pulp from a lignocellulose material, comprising a grinding disc (1) rotating round a shaft (2) running at right-angles through the center of each end surface of the disc, and means (10-13) for holding and pressing one or more pieces of the material to be processed against one or both of these end surfaces, which are given the form of grinding surfaces, for fibres of the material to be processed being essentially oriented in the plane of the grinding surface, and water, which may contain chemicals, being introduced during the grinding process. The grinding disc is enclosed in a housing (5) kept at above-atmospheric pressure. The means for holding the material to be processed is so designed as to hold the pieces of such material with their fibres largely pointing in a direction outwards from the center of the grinding device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming a web having a predetermined grammage profile in its transverse direction is provided. The method includes the steps of introducing a flow of particulate material into the distribution chamber of a forming head through an oscillating nozzle and depositing the material on an air permeable belt to form a web while changes in the upper surface of the web are detected downstream of the distribution chamber, signals are generated in response to any change which are compared with predetermined set points, and an output control signal is generated as a result of the comparison. The pattern of movement of the nozzle is controlled in response to the output control signal to provide the predetermined grammage profile for the web. In addition, the speed of the web may be measured and used to control the frequency of the nozzle so that a web having uniform grammage in the longitudinal direction is also provided.

Abstract: A system for mixing and refining pulp in which the raw material is conveyed into a cylindrical drum and propelled therethrough in linear/spiral direction by a co-axial rotor comprising a plurality of mixing/refining elements. The raw material is mixed and refined during the relative rotation between the rotor and the drum in a plurality of co-axially extending grinding areas defined between rotatable grinding elements on the rotor and a facing grinding surface on the interior of the drum while being simultaneously compressed therein and alternately decompressed in areas between the grinding areas. The rotatable elements are adjustably mounted to the rotor so as to vary the spacing between the grinding surface on the interior of the drum and a rotatable grinding surface on the grinding elements, while simultaneously adjusting the material feeding angle of the grinding areas.

Abstract: The present invention provides a reactor adapted to simultaneously accomplish chemical reactions and operations of size reduction of the solid materials in suspension and particularly for treatment in the cellulose and/or paper pulp industry. The reactor provides an essentially closed working environment and is provided in the lower part with a rotor which creates turbulence with flows over essentially the whole volume of the closed environment and is adapted to realize said conditions of the size reduction of solid materials with intimate mixing of same with the suspending liquid.

Abstract: The wet method of combusting organic material dispersed in a liquid comprising waste liquor from wood pulping processes in which the organic material is oxidized by contact with air or other oxygenating gases at a temperature ranging between 180.degree. C. and 340.degree. C. and a correspondingly superatmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A method and a device for the manufacture of mechanical pulp from lignocellulosic material by forcing the said material into contact with a grinding disc (1) which revolves about a central axle (2) perpendicular to the two end faces of the disc. The material is supplied in bulk, particulate form, preferably as wood chips, a large number of particles simultaneously being retained, compressed and, in the presence of water, forced into contact with one or more grinding areas (5) on one or both end faces of the grinding disc. The disc is enclosed in a sealed, pressurized housing (6).

Abstract: A method and a device for the manufacture of mechanical pulp from lignocellulosic material by forcing the said material into contact with a grindstone (1) which revolves about an axle (2). The material is supplied in bulk, particulate form, preferably as wood chip, a large number of particles simultaneously being retained, compressed and, in the presence of water, forced into contact with one or more grinding areas on the circumferential surface of the grindstone (1). The grindstone(1) is enclosed in a sealed, pressurized housing (5).

Abstract: A method and a device for the manufacture of mechanical pulp from lignocellulosic material by forcing the said material into contact with a grindstone (1) which revolves about an axle (2). The material is supplied in bulk, particulate form, preferably as wood chips, a large number of particles simultaneously being retained, compressed and, in the presence of water, forced into contact with one or more grinding areas on the circumferential surface of the grindstone (1). The grindstone (1) is enclosed in a sealed, pressurized housing (5).

Abstract: Method and device for measuring of the spacing between two opposite surfaces (10, 12) of magnetically conductive material according to the reluctance method by means of a position indicator (14). An indicator with two coils (22, 24) is used, which coils are supplied with current so as to work in opposite directions and the currents are controlled so as to keep resultant magnetic flux through a DC field meter (30) positioned between the coils all the time equal to zero. The measuring result is obtained by measuring the difference between the currents fed to the coils (22, 24).

Abstract: A method and a device for the manufacture of mechanical pulp from lignocellulosic material by forcing the said material into contact with a grinding disc (1) which revolves about a central axle (2) perpendicular to the two end faces of the disc.. The material is supplied in bulk, particulate form, preferably as wood chips, a large number of particles simultaneously being retained, compressed and, in the presence of water, forced into contact with one or more grinding areas (5) on one or both end faces of the grinding disc. The disc is enclosed in a sealed, pressurized housing (6).

Abstract: A method of producing peroxide bleached pulp. Lignocellulose fiber material is impregnated with an aqueous silicate solution containing a sequestering agent. The impregnated lignocellulose is preheated with saturated steam at a temperature corresponding to the defibrating temperature to precipitate silic acid on and in the fibers. The preheated fiber mass is defibrated between two grinding disc in an atmosphere of saturated steam at a temperature of 100.degree.-170.degree. C. Alkaline peroxide solution free of silicate is introduced into the grinding space.