Abstract: A sampling frequency offset estimation apparatus of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system includes a first differential operation unit performing complex conjugate multiplication of scattered pilots of complex symbols subjected to a fast Fourier transform (FFT) in an OFDM receiver, an interpolation unit repeating an operation of obtaining a median complex symbol between two consecutive symbols among complex symbols having first phase difference information from the first differential operation unit by a predetermined number, a second differential operation unit performing complex conjugate multiplication of two consecutive median complex symbols among median complex symbols from the interpolation unit, and a sampling frequency offset estimation unit estimating sampling frequency offset using complex symbols having second phase difference information from the second differential operation unit.

Abstract: A semiconductor electrode for a dye-sensitized solar cell, a method of manufacturing the semiconductor electrode, and a dye-sensitized solar cell having the semiconductor electrode are provided which can prevent electrons from being transported to an electrolyte from the surface of the semiconductor electrode to raise photocurrent and photovoltage and to improve an energy conversion efficiency by forming a semiconductor oxide layer on a conductive substrate, forming an organic layer in a core-shell structure thereon, and adsorbing a dye on the organic layer through the use of an electrostatic attraction.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for controlling a virtual machine in a device. The apparatus comprises a virtualization requesting part and a controlling part. The virtualization requesting part is configured to transmit a first instruction word for controlling the virtual machine to an independent virtualization apparatus. The controlling part is configured to execute an operation corresponding to a second instruction word received from the virtualization apparatus.

Abstract: An optical image shutter having a transparent electro-optical crystal formed on a transparent amorphous substrate and a method of manufacturing the optical image shutter. The light image shutter is created by forming a buffer layer using a material having a similar crystalline structure to an electro-optical crystal, on a transparent amorphous substrate such as glass, and forming an electro-optical thin film layer such as the electro-optical crystal on the buffer layer.

Abstract: A system and a method is provided for extracting, classifying, and displaying related words for a query, if an internet or local computer or a mobile appliance user inputs the query. In a system for providing related words composed of a client and a server connected to the client through a network, the method of providing related words for a query includes the steps of the server searching for the co-occurrence frequency by words from source data, the server storing the result of the search in a database, the server receiving an input of a query from the client, and the server extracting related words related to the input query from the database.

Abstract: In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a gaze tracking apparatus using difference image entropy, comprising: image detection module for detecting user's eye region image from image of the user taken by picture-taking apparatus which is connected to the gaze tracking apparatus; image selection module for computing entropy value of difference image between the eye region image and a plurality of reference images respectively indicating each gazing direction and selecting reference image with least difference image entropy value among the plurality of reference images; and gaze tracking module for recognizing user's gazing direction by regarding gazing direction that the selected reference image indicates as user's gazing direction.

Abstract: A high efficiency variable power transmitting apparatus outputs a variable power by modulating, with respect to a time axis, a high frequency signal having a constant amplitude by turning the high frequency signal ON and OFF, amplifying the variable power to satisfy a requested power level of a target device based on a supply voltage having a predetermined level, converting an alternating current (AC) voltage received from a power source to a direct current (DC) voltage, generating the supply voltage having the predetermined level based on the DC voltage, and providing the supply voltage having the predetermined level to the PA.

Abstract: There is provided a photovoltaic and fuel cell hybrid generation system using dual converters and a single inverter and a method of controlling the same. A photovoltaic and fuel cell (PV-FC) hybrid generation system according to an aspect of the invention may include: a PV DC/DC converter unit converting a PV output voltage into a predetermined voltage; an FC DC/DC converter unit converting an FC output voltage into a predetermined voltage; a DC link unit commonly connecting an output terminal of the PV DC/DC converter unit and an output terminal of the FC DC/DC converter unit, and linking the converted PV output voltage from the PV DC/DC converter unit to the converted FC output voltage from the FC DC/DC converter unit to thereby generate a DC voltage; and a DC/AC inverter unit converting the DC voltage from the DC link unit into a predetermined AC voltage.

Abstract: A cooling system of an LED light employs a dehumidifying agent absorbing moisture in the air while the LED light is turned off, and dissipates heat from the LED light using heat of vaporization by vaporization of the moisture by heat from the LED light when the LED light is turned on. The system includes an LED module, a thermal sheet, a heat pipe, a heat sink, and a dehumidifying sheet. The LED module includes a PCB and multiple LEDs, and the thermal sheet is disposed on the LED module. The heat pipe of a cornered U-shape has a circular cross section and is coupled to a connector on the thermal sheet. The heat pipe has a horizontal section contacting an upper side of the thermal sheet and a vertical section protruding to the connector. The dehumidifying agent is disposed on the heat sink inserted into the heat pipe.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for transmitting Near Video on Demand (NVoD) using Catch and Rest (CAR) and sub-channels which includes: dividing an L-sized content into N segments using the CAR broadcasting scheme, allocating the segments to K channels including a replicate channel, and broadcasting the segments; dividing a first segment S1R (SiR represents an i-th segment of a regular channel) into Nsb sub-segments again at given bandwidth using the harmonic broadcasting scheme, and dividing an i-th sub-segment Sisb into i segments again; broadcasting the sub-segments {Si.1sb, . . . , Si.isb} in n sub-channels; and adding the segments {S2R, . . . , SNR} to a sub-layer and broadcasting the segments, the first segment broadcast in the first channel being divided and allocated to a few sub-channels, the succeeding segments broadcast in the other channels being just shifted and broadcast.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition for modulating the release of a neurotransmitter, which includes naturally extracted polyphenols as an active ingredient. The disclosed composition suppresses the formation of a SNARE complex, thereby modulating the release of a neurotransmitter, and thus can be used as a modulator for a reaction within a cell related to the SNARE complex. Such an inhibitor of the SNARE complex formation can be used as a composition for reducing wrinkles and relieving pain.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for decision making considering a multi-user preference based on a multi-user-criterion group are provided. The method includes determining user information using ontology, determining an appointed area and an appointed category based on the user information, determining appointed candidate places belonging to the appointed area and appointed category, and determining a final appointed place among the appointed candidate places based on a user preference.

Abstract: A distributed video encoder and decoder and a distributed video decoding method using adaptive quantization are provided. Adaptive quantization is performed at the time of encoding and decoding so that limited resources and information can be efficiently used, and a predetermined bit which is previously defined is included in a position of a bit which does not need to be transmitted for channel coding, thereby improving a bit rate-distortion performance as a whole.

Abstract: A method for distributing log block associativity in log buffer-based flash translation layer (FTL) includes, if write request on page p is generated, checking whether log block associated with corresponding data block that write request is generated exists or not by checking log block mapping table storing mapping information between data blocks and log blocks, wherein the associativity of each log block to data block is set to equal to or less than predetermined value K in advance, and K is a natural number, if log block associated with corresponding data block that write request is generated exists, checking whether associated log block is random log block or sequential log block, and if associated log block is random log block, writing data that write request is generated in first free page of random log block.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an image processing method and apparatus for detecting the lines of images and the start and end points of the lines. The image processing apparatus includes an edge creation unit, a Hough transform unit, and an effective parameter detection unit. The edge creation unit creates an edge image using external image data input from the outside. The Hough transform unit performs a Hough transform on information about the pixel coordinates of the edge image created by the edge creation unit. The effective parameter detection unit detects the lines of the edge image by checking effective line parameters using the results of the Hough transform. The image processing apparatus may further include an edge list for storing coordinates of effective pixels constituting the edge image and a line parameter list for storing the effective line parameters.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for removing a transmission leakage signal are provided. The apparatus includes: a directional coupler connecting an antenna to a transmission path and a reception path; and a reflection coefficient adjustment unit outputting a reflection signal to the reception path, the reflection signal having the same amplitude as and opposite phase to a first transmission leakage signal generated from the transmission path and input to the reception path and a second transmission leakage signal reflected by the antenna and input to the reception path.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a handover method and apparatus for providing mobile Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) service over wireless communication networks. The handover method includes checking whether the strength of a signal received from a first base station of a serving first wireless network falls within a predetermined first threshold range; if the strength of the signal falls within the range, checking whether the strength of a signal received from at least one base station of a second wireless network is higher than a second threshold value required for handover; estimating the velocity and direction of a Mobile Node (MN) using location information received from a satellite; predicting a handover target base station using the estimated velocity and estimated location information; and, if the predicted target base station is one of base stations having the second threshold value, performing handover to the target base station.

Abstract: In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a sound system of a wall-mounted flat panel display apparatus can include a speaker, being mounted in an area except for a display area, which plays back a video, in the flat panel display apparatus and playing back a corresponding sound; and an acoustic resonator, having a box shape including one surface formed with an open area and being mounted such that the surface formed with the open area is closely in contact with an outer side of a case of the flat panel display apparatus, the acoustic resonator being configured to induce a resonance of a sound projected from the speaker and inputted through the open area. With the present invention, it can be possible to adequately improve audio balance by simply mounting a pipe or box shaped acoustic resonator in an outer side of a case of the flat panel display apparatus.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for distributing contention among terminals in a Contention Access Period (CAP) of a superframe in regard to a Medium (or Media) Access Control (MAC) layer employing a beacon-enabled mode in IEEE 802.15.4 standard. The method includes: dividing the CAP or the superframe into a plurality of sub-periods, all having the same size; receiving an association request message from a relevant terminal; and allocating one of the plurality of sub-periods to the relevant terminal, and transferring information on the sub-periods to the relevant terminal through a beacon frame, by a Personal Area Network (PAN) coordinator.

Abstract: A method for selecting the optimum number of phases for a converter is provided, which selects a duty range using an input voltage and an output voltage, obtains ripple values for multiple phases in the duty range, and selects the optimum number of phases using the corresponding ripple values. The method for selecting the optimum number of phases for a converter includes a duty range selection step of selecting a duty range using an input voltage and an output voltage, a ripple value calculation step of obtaining ripple values for multiple phases within the selected duty range, a range ripple selection step of selecting one or more phases in the duty range, and a rated ripple selection step of selecting the phases having the minimum ripple value in a rated duty among the phases selected in the range ripple selection step.