Abstract: A concentrated stillage with a high solids content may be recovered in such a manner that starch or starch-containing raw materials in a suitably crushed form are coaxially introduced into the center of a homogenizer together with enzymes, which are suitable for making alcohol, while simultaneously introducing steam and are suddenly gelatinized therein mechanically and thermally at temperatures of not less than 50.degree. C. and not more than 115.degree. C. while ultrafinely dividing the enzyme; the starch paste after liquefaction is converted to the glucose and the resultant mash is fermented in such a manner that the stillage obtained with reduced dry matter, after removal of merely the coarse contaminations by, for example, centrifuging is repeatedly recycled without further purification and reused as process liquor.

Abstract: Starch-containing raw materials for the saccharification can be ground at a higher rate and with more economy of energy by mashing the material with hot water, pre-gelatinizing it and then grinding it in the shearing field of a rotor-stator machine having intermeshing radial surfaces. Preferably, enzymes are added already to the mash and hot stillage is used as hot water. Starting material having different grain sizes is previously screened and introduced into the process at different points.

Abstract: A process for producing a water insoluble metal soap comprising:A. producing an aqueous dispersion of a basic metal carbonate by adding a metal oxide or hydroxide to water and then simultaneously adding aqueous ammonia and gaseous carbon dioxide thereto;B. producing a saponified aliphatic acid aqueous emulsion by emulsifying a liquid aliphatic acid with water with stirring and simultaneously adding a small amount of aqueous ammonia thereto; andC. reacting the intermediate products from steps A and B to produce the desired aliphatic acid metal soap by combining the said intermediate products under high shearing conditions.