Abstract: An exhaust manifold is constructed of material varying in thickness. Auxiliary cooling, such as from an air flow, to a portion of the exhaust manifold, permits making this portion thinner than a portion shielded from the auxiliary cooling. This lowers the heat capacity of the thinner material, allowing the exhaust manifold to heat rapidly to the activation temperature of a catalyst. Thus, the catalyst is capable of removing harmful elements from the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine more quickly, thereby reducing pollution to the atmosphere. Furthermore, an exhaust manifold having this structure is lighter and requires less material than conventional exhaust manifolds, thereby making production easier and less costly.

Abstract: There is provided a seat back frame in which the same frame can be used for both of single reclining and double reclining, and the deformation of side frame can be controlled against a backward load. The seat back frame is composed of bilaterally symmetrical side frames, an upper pipe welded to both upper end portions of the side frames, and a lower pipe welded to the lower portions of the side frames. The side frames have a wider-in-front shape such that the width is greater on the front side than on the rear side. On the face of the side frame, triangular planes are provided so as to be vertically adjacent to each other, and the common side of the adjacent triangles is bent.

Abstract: A Macpherson strut type suspension including a vehicular disc brake, wherein a strut and a coil spring are disposed at offset positions from the axis of a spindle as viewed in the direction of movement of an automotive vehicle so that a space required for installing a disc brake actuator is provided in a region in the proximity of the uppermost end of the a disc rotor in which a disc brake actuator is installed. This allows the disc actuator to be installed at the highest position above the ground without any interference with the strut and the coil spring. Further, the coil spring can be disposed in the proximity of a wheel.

Abstract: In a continuously variable transmission of the type in which a speed change ratio is changed in a manner that the radius of rotation of a belt wound around a drive pulley and a driven pulley is varied by changing the width of a groove between the pulley parts of each pulley with an oil pressure. A control means for controlling an oil pressure in various control modes shifts the control mode from a hold mode to a start mode, when a driver manipulates a vehicle carrying the continuously variable transmission with his intention to start the vehicle, and an amount of discharge flow of an oil pump for generating an oil pressure exceeds a preset value. The safety factor in a stationary state is calculated using the effective tension of the CVT belt, secondary side oil pressure, and the speed change ratio.

Abstract: A valve moving device for a combustion engine wherein a hole engagement part pivotally mounts a rocker arm on a rocker shaft. The axial centerline of the hole engagement part is provided on a slant with respect to the axial centerline of the rocker shaft, so that the axial centerline of the pivot hole of the rocker arm is slanted relative to the axial centerline of the camshaft.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a lower arm bracket mounting structure, wherein when the lower arm bracket of the suspension is fixed on the lower surface of the vehicle body member by means of bolts, a stem portion is provided at the base portion of said bolt and a hole is defined through said vehicle member, said hole being engaging with the stem portion of said bolt, whereas a threaded hole into which said bolt is threadably inserted is defined in the tip end of the hole.