Abstract: A method of rendering a plurality of objects to a display of a computing device comprises a rendering process which performs steps of: traversing a render tree which is indicative of a hierarchy of the plurality of objects; allocating a buffer in a graphics memory of the computing device; and generating an image scratchpad. The image scratchpad is generated by determining, for each object, an object size and object layout parameters; determining a render status of the object; and responsive to a determination that the render status indicates that image data of the object is in a form which can be directly written to the graphics memory, appending to the image scratchpad by writing the image data of the object to an unoccupied area of the buffer. Respective image or text objects are rendered to the display by retrieving image data from the image scratchpad 552 scratchpad, and drawing the retrieved image data based on respective object layout parameters.

Abstract: A method of simultaneously displaying a plurality of user interface pages on a display screen of a computing device includes generating a render tree comprising a plurality of objects each having one or more layout parameters, the plurality of objects including a plurality of page objects each having one or more child objects. A launcher application is first attached to a first container and then a list object is attached to the first container, the list object comprising a plurality of page containers to which the page objects are attached. The render tree is traversed to recursively attach the one or more child objects to respective page containers. In response to user input the list object is transformed to a grid object, the grid object comprising transformed page containers having transformed layout parameters, the transformed layout parameters being generated from layout parameters of the page objects in accordance with a grid layout.