Abstract: A method, system and computer program product for generation and management of incremental backups of VEE file system using bitmaps. The proposed method allows users to roll back to any previous version or state of the VEE file system and to instantiate this version using the data encapsulated in virtual disk storage (i.e. file system) of the VEE. A number of VEEs run on a Host Operating System of the computer system. One of the VEEs implemented on the computer system is designated to generation and management of backups of the virtual disk data of the other VEEs without freezing the file system during the entire backup process. A special tracing application runs on the designated VEE for generating the bitmap of a file system snapshot. The user can also set up a time for generating a backup or create a schedule for automatically generating the backups at critical points.

Abstract: A system, method and computer program product for managing computer file system using file system trees. A plurality of Virtual Execution Environments (VEEs) running on a computer system is provided. The computer system has a common file system tree, which can be concurrently accessed by the VEEs. The shareable files are stored in the common file system tree located in a local storage of the computer system. The common file system tree includes a first set of files that can be accessed by VEEs directly using first redirection. The common file system tree also includes a second set of files that can be accessed by VEEs using first and second redirection. The files system accesses the files from the local storage using first redirection and from the network storage using first and second redirection. The local storage can also receive files from the network storage and store them in the common file system tree.

Abstract: A system for managing administration of computer services provided to users includes a computer system and an operating system running on the computer system. A server process is launched by the computer system for providing services to users. An isolated Virtual Private Server (VPS) has a set of services that perform administrative operations relating to the server process. The server process can be a webserver, a file server, an FTP server, an authentication server, a VPS, a chroot environment, a jail environment, a sand box environment, a print server and a Windows Terminal Service.

Abstract: A method of accessing a shareable computer file includes receiving a request to access the shareable computer file, retrieving a file ID from a stub file corresponding to the shareable computer file, retrieving a file name from a database corresponding to the file ID, accessing the shareable computer file if a user has not modified the shareable computer file, and accessing a modified copy of the shareable file stored in the stub file if the user has modified the shareable computer file. A database is generated in operating system space or accessed using the operating system, and includes file IDs and their corresponding file names for shareable computer files. The stub file is generated locally to correspond to the shareable computer file, and includes a modified copy of the shareable computer file if the shareable computer file has been modified, and a link to the shareable computer file if the shareable computer file has not been modified.

Abstract: A system, method and computer program product for managing computer resources in a computer system running an operating system and a plurality of processes grouped into at least two groups. A set of resource limits corresponds to the processes. A scheduler of resource allocation allocates resources to each process such that total resource allocation to a group to which that process belongs remains constant. The resources comprise, e.g., network bandwidth, number of network connections, I/O bandwidth for peripheral devices, number of operations in a period of time for service operation with countable requests for service, number of operations in a period of time for a daemon with countable requests for service, permission for execution of operation, number of security descriptors, and number of terminals. The scheduler reallocates the resources based on a predictive algorithm, or based on process priority, or based on relative weighting of the processes.

Abstract: A method and system for managing files in a server environment includes launching a plurality of Virtual Private Servers (VPSs) in a computing system; copying a content of a file of a VPS to a shared space; providing access to the file copy in the shared space when the VPS attempts to access the file; detecting files with the same content in other VPSs; and providing access to the file copy in the shared space from the other VPSs when they attempt to access their files with the identical content.

Abstract: A system for distributed file storage includes a plurality of servers providing, to a plurality of clients, file access services for accessing files stored on the plurality of servers. A list of neighbor servers is maintained by each server. The neighbor servers are a subset of the plurality of servers. At least one server of the plurality of servers is switched into a neighbor group of servers based on network distance. Each file is stored in the form of a plurality of N pieces on N servers, the pieces being generated from the file. The list is used to obtain information for reconstructing files stored on the neighbor servers, such that any K out of the N pieces can be used to reconstruct any file.

Abstract: A system, method and computer program product for managing computer file system using file system trees. A plurality of Virtual Execution Environments (VEEs) running on a computer system is provided. The computer system has a common file system tree, which can be concurrently accessed by the VEEs. The shareable files are stored in the common file system tree located in a local storage of the computer system. The common file system tree includes a first set of files that can be accessed by VEEs directly using first redirection. The common file system tree also includes a second set of files that can be accessed by VEEs using first and second redirection. The files system accesses the files from the local storage using first redirection and from the network storage using first and second redirection. The local storage can also receive files from the network storage and store them in the common file system tree.

Abstract: A computer cluster for providing hosting services includes a plurality of nodes, and a control center coordinating activity of the nodes. Each node includes a plurality of virtual environments such that each virtual environment responds to user requests and appears to the user as having its own operating system. Multiple virtual environments running on the same node share the same host operating system of the node.

Abstract: A system for organization of a service which provides computer hosting services to users is based on a virtual environment placed at the disposal of each user. The virtual environment is installed at an automated cluster of computers in a data center. Each virtual environment appears as a full service computer to the user.

Abstract: A system, method and computer program product for controlling virtual private servers includes a plurality of virtual private servers running on a host computer. An address and a unique identifier can be associated with each virtual private server. A control procedure(s) is within each corresponding virtual private server, and can be used to control that virtual private server in response to control commands. A control interface is outside the virtual private servers and can be used for control of the virtual private servers in response to control commands. The virtual private server can be a Virtual Private Server. The control command can be executable by both the control procedure(s) and the control interface, or can be executable by the control interface if the control procedure(s) is unreachable, or can be executable by the control interface if the virtual private server has failed, or can be executable even if the virtual private server is inaccessible.

Abstract: A system for maximizing the efficiency of a load balancing server for an asymmetric web farm utilizes a TCP stack and data packets to send and receive client service requests. An internal buffer enables each web server in the web farm to balance their loading based on the contents of the client service request. Data switching between the address portion of the user space and the address portion of the kernel space within the load balancing server is eliminated.

Abstract: On-the-fly patching of executable code includes placing a block of modified instructions in memory, identifying a block of code to be patched, storing instructions to be patched from the block of code to be patched in a storage location, change the instructions to be patched to mark instructions, and adding a jump to the block of modified instructions in the block of code. Prior to the placing and the identifying steps, a write flag for a page in memory where the block of code to be patched is located is set to allow writes, and interrupts are masked. The instructions are replaced in reverse order. The mark instructions are the same length, in bytes, as the instructions to be patched. The modified instructions include a resolver to determine a number of instructions of the block of code to be patched that had already been executed.

Abstract: A computer cluster for providing hosting services includes a plurality of nodes, and a control center coordinating activity of the nodes. Each node includes a plurality of virtual environments such that each virtual environment responds to user requests and appears to the user as having its own operating system. Multiple virtual environments running on the same node share the same host operating system of the node.

Abstract: A server includes a host running an operating system kernel. Isolated virtual private servers (VPSs) are supported within the kernel. At least one application is available to users of the VPS. A plurality of interfaces give the users access to the application. Each VPS has its own set of addresses. Each object of each VPS has a unique identifier in a context of the operating system kernel. Each VPS is isolated from objects and processes of another VPS. Each VPS includes isolation of address space of each user from address space of a user on any other VPS, isolation of server resources for each VPS, and failure isolation.

Abstract: An end user computer includes a processor running an operating system. A plurality of virtual private servers (VPSs) are supported within the operating system. A plurality of applications are available to a user of the end user computer. The applications are launched within different VPSs. At least one of the VPSs has multiple applications launched within it. At least two of the applications are launched within different VPSs, and communicate with each other using secure communications means, such as firewalls, proxies, dedicated clipboards, named pipes, shared memory, dedicated inter-process communications, Local Procedure Calls/Remote Procedure Calls, API, network sockets, TCP/IP communications, network protocol communications and memory mapped files. The VPSs can be dynamically created and terminated.

Abstract: Method allowing a computerized manager to transparently allocate computational resources to a plurality of users. A plurality of computers or servers are provided for accommodating the computational resources or for storing data. These computational resources and the data are arranged as a hierarchical repository. A root computer is used as an interface between the users and the computers or servers. The root computer is capable of communicating with the users, with the computers or with servers. The computers or servers are controlled and the manager is allowed to allocate computer resources to the users. Information is stored in the computers or servers, in a local repository or in the system files of the computers or servers.

Abstract: A computing system includes a physical server having a single instance of an operating system; and a plurality of virtual environments running on the physical server and directly supported by the single instance of the operating system. Each virtual environment responds to requests from users and appears to the users as a stand-alone server having its own instance of the operating system. Each virtual environment has a plurality of objects associated with it and supported by the operating system. Some of the objects are private and other objects are shared between multiple virtual environments. One virtual environment cannot access private objects of another virtual environment.

Abstract: A method and system for balancing the load of computer resource(s) among a plurality of computers having consumers consuming the resource(s) is disclosed. After defining the lower threshold of the consumption level of the resource(s) and obtaining the consumption level of the resource(s) for each of the consumers and for each of said computers, the consumption level for each of the computers is compared during a period with its associated lower threshold. Whenever a computer having a consumption level of the resource(s) higher than the lower threshold is identified, a new layout of computer resource(s) for each of the consumers is determined. Consumer(s) are then shifted from their current location in the computer to a corresponding location in another computer according to the layout, so that the consumption level of the resource(s) for a computer may be reduced.

Abstract: Data sets and blocks are stored in a set of independent, functionally equivalent chunks. These chunks are placed on different elements of a distributed network to achieve pre-defined level of fault tolerance. Terms of fault tolerance are defined in terms of amount of unavailable sites in the network allowing receipt and access to the data block. Maximal and minimal number of chunks available are variable method parameters. The minimal amount of data chunks K needed to restore a data block is defined. The size of each chunk is approximately 1/K of the original block size. The maximal amounts of chunks are defined during distribution operation and depend upon a requested fault tolerance level. Redundancy in data storage is minimized and varies dynamically by changing the total amount of chunks available. Significant increase in data transfer rate is possible because all block chunks could be transferred in parallel and independently.