Abstract: A lightweight, thermal insulation and temperature-adjusting modified polymer aerogel composite material and a preparation method thereof are provided. The composite material includes a heat insulation matrix with a topological and closed-cell foaming structure; And an enhanced thermal insulation low thermal conductivity element embedded in the bubble wall of the thermal insulation matrix, i.e. the non-porous part. Due to the special foaming process, the aerogel phase change thermal insulation composite material has a tiny closed-cell structure similar to that of aerogel materials, and aerogel particles and phase change microcapsules are added, so that the internal cell structure and porosity are further improved, and the aerogel phase change thermal insulation composite material has a certain phase change temperature regulation function and excellent thermal insulation performance.