Abstract: To provide a layered polyester film having excellent mechanical properties, transparency, heat resistance, and in particular excellent gas barrier property. A layered polyester film containing a polyester film and a thin film layer including mainly an inorganic compound, wherein the polyester film is a biaxially oriented polyester film including a dicarboxylic acid component containing mainly a furandicarboxylic acid and a glycol component containing mainly ethylene glycol, the thin film layer is formed on at least one surface of the polyester film, the inorganic compound is at least one of aluminum oxide and silicon oxide, and the layered polyester film has a plane orientation coefficient ?P of not less than 0.005 and not more than 0.200, a film thickness of not thinner than 1 ?m and not thicker than 300 ?m, and an oxygen permeability of not less than 0.1 mL/m2/day/MPa and not more than 80 mL/m2/day/MPa under a temperature of 23° C. and a humidity of 65%.

Abstract: To provide a layered polyester film having excellent mechanical properties, transparency, heat resistance, and gas barrier property. A layered polyester film including a polyester film and a thin film layer, wherein the polyester film is a biaxially oriented polyester film including a dicarboxylic acid component containing mainly a furandicarboxylic acid and a glycol component containing mainly ethylene glycol, the covering layer is formed on at least one surface of the polyester film, and the layered polyester film has a plane orientation coefficient ?P of not less than 0.005 and not more than 0.200, and a thickness of the layered polyester film is not thinner than 1 ?m and not thicker than 300 ?m.

Abstract: A polyester including ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate units is prepared in a process, where in an esterification step a 2,5-furandicarboxylate compound is reacted with ethylene glycol to form an ester composition, including components with 2-hydroxyethyl and 2,5-furandicarboxylate moieties; where in a polycondensation step the ester composition thus obtained is subjected to polycondensation at reduced pressure in the presence of a polycondensation catalyst to obtain a polycondensate; and where during the polycondensation step 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid is added to the ester composition.

Abstract: An object is to provide a laminate having excellent lamination strength that includes a polyester film having a furandicarboxylate unit and a heat-sealable resin layer, and to provide a packaging bag including the same. A laminate including a polyester film and a heat-sealable resin layer, wherein the polyester film is a biaxially oriented polyester film containing a polyethylene furandicarboxylate resin composed of a furandicarboxylic acid and ethylene glycol, a plane orientation coefficient ?P of the film is 0.005 or more and 0.200 or less, a thickness of the film is 1 ?m or more and 300 ?m or less, a heat shrinkage rate of the film is 10% or less when heated at 150° C. for 30 minutes, and lamination strength of the laminate is 2.0 N/15 mm or more.

Abstract: A purified acid composition including 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid is prepared in a process, including oxidizing a feedstock containing 5-alkoxymethylfurfural to an oxidation product including 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and 2-formyl-furan-5-carboxylic acid (FFCA), and esters of FDCA and, optionally, esters of FFCA; hydrolyzing the at least part of the oxidation product in the presence of water, thereby hydrolyzing at least esters of FDCA and, optionally, esters of FFCA to obtain an aqueous solution of an acid composition including FDCA, FFCA and ester of FDCA in an amount below the amount of ester of FDCA in the solution of the oxidation product; contacting at least part of the solution of the acid composition with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to hydrogenate FFCA to hydrogenation products, yielding a hydrogenated solution; and separating at least a portion of the FDCA from at least part of the hydrogenated solution by crystallization.

Abstract: To provide a furandicarboxylate unit-containing polyester film usable for industrial and packaging purposes. The film of the present invention is a polyester film, which is a biaxially oriented film of a polyester resin including a dicarboxylic acid component containing mainly a furandicarboxylic acid and a glycol component containing mainly ethylene glycol, wherein the film has a plane orientation coefficient ?P of not less than 0.005 and not more than 0.200 and a film thickness of not thinner than 1 micro meter and not thicker than 300 micro meters.

Abstract: Gamma-valerolactone is prepared from a levulinic acid ester in a continuous process where a stream of the levulinic acid ester together with a gaseous stream of a hydrogen-containing gas is contacted with a hydrogenation catalyst, where the levulinic acid ester is in the liquid phase, and where the hydrogenation catalyst is a solid particulate catalyst including at least one hydrogenating metal, supported on an oxide carrier.

Abstract: A furfural derivative having the chemical formula (1) wherein R represents hydrogen, an alkyl group or an acyl group, is prepared in a process, which process includes reacting a fructose- and/or glucose-containing starting material with a liquid hydroxyl group-containing compound of formula R—OH in the presence of an acid catalyst at a reaction temperature in the range of 150 to 300° C. to produce an acid reaction mixture including the furfural derivative of chemical formula (1), which acid reaction mixture has a pH-value of smaller than 3; neutralizing the acid reaction mixture to a pH-value in the range of 3 to 6.5 to provide a partially neutralized reaction mixture; and purifying the partially neutralized reaction mixture to recover the furfural derivative of chemical formula (1).

Abstract: A purified acid composition including 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid is prepared by a process including a) providing an acid composition solution of a crude acid composition in a polar solvent, the crude acid composition including 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and 2-formyl-furan-5-carboxylic acid (FFCA); b) contacting the acid composition solution with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to hydrogenate FFCA to hydrogenation products, such that the hydrogenation products contain a minor amount of 2-methyl-furan-5-carboxylic acid (MFA) or no MFA, yielding a hydrogenated solution; c) separating at least a portion of the FDCA from the hydrogenated solution by crystallization.

Abstract: A furfural derivative having the chemical formula (1) where R represents hydrogen, an alkyl group or an acyl group, is prepared in a process, which process includes reacting a fructose- and/or glucose-containing starting material with a liquid hydroxyl group-containing compound of formula R—OH in the presence of an acid catalyst at a reaction temperature in the range of 150 to 300° C. to produce a primary acid reaction mixture including the furfural derivative of chemical formula (1); separating part of the liquid hydroxyl group-containing compound from the primary acid reaction mixture to yield a secondary acid reaction mixture; neutralizing the secondary acid reaction mixture to a pH-value of at least 3 to obtain a neutralized reaction mixture; and purifying the neutralized reaction mixture to recover the furfural derivative of chemical formula (1).

Abstract: It is provided that a polyester film excellent in heat resistant dimension stability, impact-resistant strength properties, easy-slipping properties, mechanical properties, transparency, and gas barrier performance, and a film roll obtained by winding up this polyester film. A polyester film includes at least one layer mainly including a polyester resin containing a dicarboxylic acid component including furandicarboxylic acid as a main component and a glycol component including ethylene glycol as a main component; and the polyester film has a plane orientation coefficient ?P of not less than 0.005 and not more than 0.200, a thickness of not less than 1 ?m and not more than 300 ?m, a heat shrinkage rate of 3.2% or less in each of the MD direction and the TD direction at 150° C. for 30 minutes, and a layer containing at least one additive.

Abstract: An ester composition including at least 90% wt of the dialkyi ester of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid as starting dialkyi ester concentration and up to 5% wt of the monoalkyi ester of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid as starting monoalkyi ester concentration, the percentages being based on the weight of the ester composition, is purified in a process which includes subjecting the ester composition to melt crystallization to yield a purified dialkyi ester composition containing a dialkyi ester concentration higher than the starting dialkyi ester concentration and a melt residue containing a monoalkyi ester concentration higher than the starting monoalkyi ester concentration. From the melt residue a purified monoalkyi ester composition and a contaminants-rich residue can be prepared via melt crystallization. The purified dialkyi ester composition and/or the purified monoalkyi ester composition can be hydrolyzed to yield purified 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid.

Abstract: Disclosed are a tire fiber having high adhesion to other members, a rubber/fiber composite having improved adhesion between rubber and fiber, and a tire having high hydraulic durability. The tire fiber comprises a polyethylene-2,5-furandicarboxylate (PEF) raw yarn, wherein the PEF raw yarn comprises as a raw material PEF having a terminal carboxylic acid amount of 1 to 100 mmol/kg.

Abstract: A foam includes a cellular structure and having a density of at most 0.50 g/cm3, where the cellular structure is provided by a solid material that includes humins. Such a foam is prepared in a process, which includes: providing a starting material containing humins; and heating the starting material to a temperature in the range of 150 to 450° C. The foam can be used in articles for a variety of applications such as substrate for plant growth, as adsorbent for treating waste water or waste gases, as support for solid catalysts, as insulation material, or packaging material.

Abstract: Dialkyil esters of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid are prepared in a process including: contacting an acid starting composition having 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid with an excess of alkanol to form an esterification product having the dialkyil ester of 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid, water and unreacted alkanol; separating at least part of the unreacted alkanol and water from the esterification product to yield a solid crude product composition having the dialkyil ester of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid; and subjecting at least part of the solid crude product composition to an evaporation step, where the dialkyil ester of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid is evaporated and subsequently condensed to yield purified dialkyil ester of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid.

Abstract: Disclosed is a PEF fiber for tire which includes a polyethylene-2,5-furandicarboxylate (PEF) raw yarn, wherein the PEF raw yarn is obtained by continuously drawing, without recovering, an undrawn yarn obtained by melt-spinning of a PEF-containing resin composition, and wherein the PEF raw yarn has a storage modulus of 1,300 MPa or more.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a polyethylene-2,5-furandicarboxylate (PEF) raw yarn including a spinning/drawing process wherein an undrawn yarn, obtained by melt-spinning of a PEF-containing resin composition, is continuously drawn into a PEF raw yarn without being recovered and the PEF raw yarn is taken up, wherein the ratio of a rate (T) of taking up the PEF raw yarn to a rate (E) of extrusion of the resin composition into filaments during the melt-spinning (T/E) is 700 to 2,000.

Abstract: The molecular weight of a semi-crystalline starting polyester comprising ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate units is enhanced by heating the semi-crystalline starting polyester, having a melting point Tm, at a temperature in the range of (Tm-40° C.) to Tm to obtain a solid stated polyester, where the semi-crystalline starting polyester has an intrinsic viscosity of at least 0.45 dL/g, and an amount of carboxylic acid end groups in the range of 15 to 122 meq/kg.

Abstract: To provide a furandicarboxylate unit-containing polyester film usable for industrial and packaging purposes. The film of the present invention is a polyester film, which is a biaxially oriented film of a polyester resin including a dicarboxylic acid component containing mainly a furandicarboxylic acid and a glycol component containing mainly ethylene glycol, wherein the film has a plane orientation coefficient AP of not less than 0.005 and not more than 0.200 and a film thickness of not thinner than 1 micro meter and not thicker than 300 micro meters.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a polyethylene-2,5-furandicarboxylate (PEF) raw yarn which includes a drawing step wherein an undrawn yarn, obtained by melt-spinning of a PEF-containing resin composition, is drawn into a PEF raw yarn, wherein a draw ratio in the drawing step is greater than 6.0 times.