Abstract: A method of distinguishing between strips for different assays in an automated instrument, wherein characteristics to which the instrument is sensitive are selectively introduced in microwells of individual microstrips which are pretreated with a specific antigen or antibody for a particular test. On each microstrip, the wells having the characteristic collectively define a multi-bit code which corresponds to a particular condition or disease to be tested for. The automated instrument reads the characteristic from the selected wells and thus determines what test is to be conducted. The marks may have optical, radioactive, luminescent, fluorescent, or magnetic characteristics, in accordance with the test to be conducted.

Abstract: An assay method and compositions are provided for determining the presence of an analyte in a sample. The analyte is a member of an immunological pair (mip) comprising ligand and receptor. By providing a first measurement surface capable of specifically binding a labelled reagent in an amount depending upon the presence of analyte in the sample and a second calibration surface capable of binding a second labeled reagent in a manner unaffected by the presence of analyte in the sample, calibration of individual tests can be accomplished simultaneously with the performance of the test itself. A signal producing system includes an enzyme, a catalyst usually bonded to a mip which defines the first labeled reagent for binding to the measurement surface and the same catalyst conjugated to a ligand capable of binding to the calibration surface. Preferably, both labeled reagents have the same composition and the calibration surface includes anti-(first catalyst).

Abstract: An assay method and compositions are provided for determining the presence of an analyte in a sample. The analyte is a member of an immunological pair (mip) comprising ligand and receptor. By providing a first measurement surface capable of specifically binding a labelled reagent in an amount depending upon the presence of analyte in the sample and a second calibration surface capable of binding a second labeled reagent in a manner unaffected by the presence of analyte in the sample, calibration of individual tests can be accomplished simulataneously with the performance of the test itself. A signal producing system includes an enzyme bonded to a mip which defines the first labeled reagent for binding to the measurement surface and the same enzyme conjugated to a ligand capable of binding to the calibration surface. Preferably, both labeled reagents have the same composition and the calibration surface includes anti-(first enzyme).

Abstract: A novel agglutination assay is provided which brings together through the intermediacy of the binding of specific binding pair members particles which differ by having different members of a signal producing system. The signal producing system is characterized by having two enzymes which are related by having the product of one enzyme being the substrate of the other, where the reaction of the second enzyme results in a product providing a detectable signal, desirably including a scavenger for the product of the first enzyme. The amount of product providing the detectable signal which is produced is related to the amount of analyte in the media. The composition and ratio of particles can be provided in reagent kits to optimize the assay results.

Abstract: An assay method and compositions are provided for determining the presence of an analyte in a sample. The analyte is a member of an immunological pair (mip) comprising ligand and receptor. By providing a first measurement surface capable of specifically binding a labelled reagent in an amount depending upon the presence of analyte in the sample and a second calibration surface capable of binding a second labeled reagent in a manner unaffected by the presence of analyte in the sample, calibration of individual tests can be accomplished simultaneously with the performance of the test itself. A signal producing system includes an enzyme, a catalyst usually bonded to a mip which defines the first labeled reagent for binding to the measurement surface and the same catalyst conjugated to a ligand capable of binding to the calibration surface. Preferably, both labeled reagents have the same composition and the calibration surface includes anti-(first catalyst).

Abstract: An assay method and compositions are provided for determining the presence of an analyte in a sample. The analyte is a member of an immunological pair (mip) comprising ligand and receptor. By providing a first measurement surface capable of specifically binding a labelled reagent in an amount depending upon the presence of analyte in the sample and a second calibration surface capable of binding a second labeled reagent in a manner unaffected by the presence of analyte in the sample, calibration of individual tests can be accomplished simultaneously with the performance of the test itself. A signal producing system includes an enzyme bonded to a mip which defines the first labeled reagent for binding to the measurement surface and the same enzyme conjugated to a ligand capable of binding to the calibration surface. Preferably, both labeled reagents have the same composition and the calibration surface includes anti-(first enzyme).

Abstract: Improved results are achieved in fluorochromasia lymphocytotoxicity for cell typing by adding antifluorescer to reduce background fluorescence as a result of cell lysing.

Abstract: Conjugates of heavy atoms containing analytes or their analogs and fluorescent molecules are covalently bonded to macromolecular supports to minimize the interference of fluorescence during assays, due to non-specific binding of serum proteins to the conjugate.

Abstract: Carbonyl derivatives of acetaminophen are provided for use in homogeneous enzyme immunoassays for acetaminophen. The derivatives are conjugated to antigenic substances for the preparation of antisera specific to acetaminophen, and to enzymes for the preparation of enzyme conjugates which compete with acetaminophen for antibody binding sites in a typical assay.

Abstract: A method for determining a member of a specific binding pair-ligand and receptor (antiligand). Reagents employed include a first modified member which provides an electrical field due to the presence of a plurality of ionic charges and a second modified member labeled with a component of a signal producing system, which system may have one or more components. The average proximity in the assay medium of the first and second modified members is related to the amount of analyte, where the observed signal from the signal producing system is related to the effect of the electrical field on the signal producing system.Also, compositions are provided, as well as reagents, in predetermined ratios for optimizing the signal response to variations in analyte concentration.

Abstract: Chloramphenicol derivatives are provided for use in the preparing of antigen conjugates for the production of antibodies specifically for chloramphenicol. Specifically, the aryl amino group is derivatized to introduce a non-oxocarbonyl group which is used for amide formation with an antigen. The conjugate is then injected into a vertebrate for production of antisera which is isolated in conventional ways and finds particular use in competitive protein binding assays.

Abstract: Chloramphenicol derivatives are provided for use in the preparing of antigen conjugates for the production of antibodies specifically for chloramphenicol. Specifically, the aryl amino group is derivatized to introduce a non-oxocarbonyl group which is used for amide formation with an antigen. The conjugate is then injected into a vertebrate for production of antisera which is isolated in conventional ways and find particular use in competitive protein binding assays.

Abstract: Fluorescent antigen conjugates are provided comprising antigens covalantly bonded to at least one 2,7-dialiphatic substituted-9-phenyl-6-hydroxy-3H-xanthen-3-one, wherein the 1- and 8-positions are unsubstituted. Also provided are novel fluorescent compounds absorbing at wavelengths in excess of 500 nm, having active functionalities for linking to the antigen. Finally, methods are provided for analyzing antigens in serum, whereby serum interference is avoided.

Abstract: Reagent mixtures for single test which allow for rapid determination of drugs without sophisticated equipment. Into a single vial as dry powders are combined an enzyme bound ligand reagent, an antiligand reagent (antibody), appropriate substrates, bulking agents, as well as other additives. Upon addition to the reagent mixture of an appropriate volume of diluent and the sample suspected of containing the drug, optionally subject to prior treatment and/or dilution, the reagents are activated and either a single reading at a predetermined time interval or two or more readings over a predetermined time interval are taken of spectrophotometric changes in the solution. By comparison to a standard, the concentration of the drug may be determined quantitatively.

Abstract: Novel oxime derivatives of phencyclidine are provided as precursors for conjugating proteins, either antigenic for the preparation of antibodies or enzymatic for the preparation of enzyme conjugates, which antibodies and enzyme conjugates find use as reagents in immunoassays. The combination of antibodies and enzyme conjugates provide for sensitive, accurate, rapid assays for phencyclidine without interference from commonly administered drugs, such as dextromethorphan, demerol and chlorpromazine.

Abstract: A solid support "dipstick" immunoassay impregnated with sodium metaperiodate (NaIO.sub.4) is described wherein ascorbate interference with an assay having a peroxidase signal producing system is reduced or eliminated.

Abstract: Unsymmetrically substituted 6-hydroxy-3H-xanthen-3-ones for use as fluorescers or quenchers, particularly conjugated to provide reagents in competitive protein binding assays. Substituents are aliphatic groups bonded to an annular carbon atom through carbon or oxygen.

Abstract: Chromatographic immunoassay employing a specific binding pair member and a label conjugate which delineates a border whose distance from one end of the chromatograph relates to the amount of analyte present. By combining the label conjugate and sample in a solution and immunochromatographing the solution, or employing a combination of enzymes, one enzyme being the label and the other enzyme affixed to the chromatographic support, the position of the border defined by the label can be related to the amount of analyte in the sample solution.Preferably, an immunochromatograph is employed having both a specific binding pair member and an enzyme affixed to the support.

Abstract: Carbonyl derivatives of acetaminophen are provided for use in homogeneous enzyme immunoassays for acetaminophen. The derivatives are conjugated to antigenic substances for the preparation of antisera specific to acetaminophen, and to enzymes for the preparation of enzyme conjugates which compete with acetaminophen for antibody binding sites in a typical assay.

Abstract: .beta.-D-Galactosidase conjugates for use in homogeneous immunoassays. .beta.-D-Galactosidase is conjugated with analytes and the resulting conjugates are combined with receptors for the analyte and a sample suspected of containing the analyte. The resulting enzymatic activity is compared to standard assay media for quantitative determination of the analyte.